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ENERGY REVIEW

ENERGY REVIEW. Energy The ability to cause change. The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy is never created or destroyed it just changes form. Nuclear Energy- the energy in the nucleus of every atom. Types of Energy. Chemical Energy- the energy stored in chemical bonds.

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ENERGY REVIEW

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  1. ENERGY REVIEW

  2. EnergyThe ability to cause change. • The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy is never created or destroyed it just changes form

  3. Nuclear Energy- the energy in the nucleus of every atom. Types of Energy Chemical Energy- the energy stored in chemical bonds.

  4. Radiant Energy- the energy carried by light. Types of Energy Thermal Energy- the energy of an object that increases as temperature increases.

  5. Convection- the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of molecules from one part of a material to another. • Cold Sinks • Creates a Circular Current • Heat Rises

  6. Kinetic Energy- the energy an object has because of its motion Types of Energy Electrical Energy- the energy carried by electrical current that comes out of batteries or electrical outlets.

  7. Motor- a device that transforms electrical energy into kinetic energy. Converting Energy Generator- a device that transforms kinetic energy into electrical energy.

  8. Types of Energy • Potential Energy- energy that is stored in an object because of its position

  9. Electric Force- The attraction or repulsion between charged objects Positive Charge Negative Charge OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACT–AND + ATTRACT. LIKE CHARGES REPEL–AND– REPEL, +AND+REPEL.

  10. Electrical Forces Electric field- the field or space in which charges exert a force on each other. Electric discharge- the quick movement of electric charge from one place to another.

  11. Types of Circuits Series Circuit- a circuit that has only one path for the electric current to follow. Parallel circuit- a circuit that has more than one path for the electric current to follow.

  12. Controlling the Circuit Voltage- the measure of how much electrical potential energy each electron can gain. Resistance- the measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow through a material. The unit of resistance is called an ohm Ω

  13. The relationship among voltage, current, and resistance; when the voltage in a circuit increases the current increases. Ohm’s Law

  14. Power (in Watts) =Current (in amperes) x Voltage (in volts) P= I x V Electric Power CURRENT in amperes VOLTAGE in volts POWER in watts

  15. Electromagnet- a wire with current flowing through it that is wrapped around an iron core. How do they work?

  16. Electrical Safety An Electric shock is when electric current flows through your body. Since nerves are electric signals shocks can disrupt your nervous system. A transformer changes the electric voltage so the household appliances are not overloaded.

  17. Magnetic Domain-a group of atoms with their magnetic fields pointing in the same direction. How magnets work. Magnetic field-a space around a magnet where the magnetic force is active.

  18. Magnetosphere- the space affected by the Earth’s magnetic field.

  19. Aurora-the light given off from the sun’s charged particles crashing into atoms in the Earth’s atmosphere. The Sun and the Earth’s magnetosphere. Charged particles

  20. Generating Energy • Turbine- a set of steam powered fan blades that spins a generator at a power plant. • Photovoltaic- a device that transforms radiant energy directly into electrical energy.

  21. Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Gasoline is a nonrenewable resource. Wood is a renewable resource.

  22. Inexhaustible Resource- an energy source that cannot be used up by humans. The Sun is an Inexhaustible Resource because we cannot use up that energy.

  23. Alternative Resources- new renewable or inexhaustible resources. The sun to power and heat houses Electrical Energy to Power Transportation Wind to generate energy.

  24. How Does Energy Move? • Waves-regular disturbances that carry energy without carrying matter.

  25. Electromagnetic Waves Types of Waves Mechanical Waves Waves that use matter to move energy. Waves that can travel through space where there is no matter.

  26. Compressional /(Longitudinal) Waves- Shapes of Waves Transverse Waves- a type of mechanical wave in which the energy of the wave makes the wave move up and down or back and forth at right angles to the direction the wave travels A type of wave in which the matter in the medium moves forward and backward along the same direction that the wave travels.

  27. Parts of a Transverse Wave Crest-the top (peak) of a wave. Trough-the bottom (dip) of a wave.

  28. Frequency and Wavelength The frequency is the number of waves that pass a point in space during any time interval, usually one second. Waves with a longer wavelength will not pass a point as quickly as a wave with a shorter wavelength.

  29. Descriptors of a Transverse Wave • Amplitude- one half the distance between the crest and the trough. • Wavelength- the distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next crest or from the bottom of one trough to the bottom of the next trough. • Frequency- the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in one second

  30. Parts of a Compressional/Longitudinal Wave • Compression- the parts of a compressional/ longitudinal wave where the matter is closer together. • Rarefaction- the parts of a compressional/ longitudinal wave where the matter is farther apart.

  31. Descriptors of a Compressional/Longitudinal Wave • Wavelength- the distance between the center of one compression and the center of the next compression or from the center of one rarefaction and the center of the next rarefaction. • Amplitude- How close together the particles of a medium are. • Frequency- the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in one second.

  32. #2 Refraction #1 Reflection Properties of Waves Occurs when a wave hits an object or surface and bounces off. The bending of a wave as it moves from one medium to another.

  33. #3 Diffraction Properties of Waves The bending of waves around a barrier

  34. Properties of Waves #4

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