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Chapter Seven

Chapter Seven. Advanced Installation. Objectives. Describe the types and structure of SCSI devices Identify default IRQs, I/O addresses, and DMAs Explain how Plug-and-Play can be used to assign configuration to peripheral devices Install Linux using a text interface

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Chapter Seven

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  1. Chapter Seven Advanced Installation

  2. Objectives • Describe the types and structure of SCSI devices • Identify default IRQs, I/O addresses, and DMAs • Explain how Plug-and-Play can be used to assign configuration to peripheral devices • Install Linux using a text interface • Outline the steps used to install Linux from source files on a hard disk or network server • Summarize the precautions necessary when installing Linux on different architectures • Troubleshoot the installation process

  3. SCSI Hard Disk Drive Configuration • Terminator • Device used to terminate an electrical conduction medium to absorb the transmitted signal and prevent signal bounce • SCSI ID • Uniquely identifies and prioritizes devices attached to a SCSI controller • Also called target ID

  4. SCSI Hard Disk Drive Configuration Figure 7-1: Connecting SCSI devices

  5. SCSI Hard Disk Drive Configuration Table 7-1: Common SCSI standards

  6. SCSI Hard Disk Drive Configuration Figure 7-2: A 50-pin Centronics SCSI connector Figure 7-3: A 50-pin LPT SCSI connector

  7. SCSI Hard Disk Drive Configuration Figure 7-4: A 68-pin LPT SCSI connector

  8. Mainboard Flow Control:IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses • The processor of a computer executes processes in physical memory for devices • Its time and capacity must be shared among all devices in the computer, which can be accommodated in one of two ways: • Polling • Interruption • Interrupt Requests (IRQs) • Used by the processor to prioritize simultaneous requests for service from peripheral devices

  9. Mainboard Flow Control:IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses Figure 7-5: IRQ priorities

  10. Mainboard Flow Control:IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses Table 7-2: Default IRQ assignments

  11. Mainboard Flow Control:IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses Table 7-3: Default I/O assignments

  12. Mainboard Flow Control:IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses Table 7-3 (continued): Default I/O assignments

  13. Mainboard Flow Control:IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses Table 7-4: Default DMA assignments

  14. Plug-and-Play • Plug-and-Play (PnP) • Process allowing devices automatically to be assigned required IRQ, I/O address, and DMA information by the system BIOS • Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) • Memory store on the mainboard used to store configuration information for use during the boot process

  15. RAID Configuration • Fault tolerance • The measure of downtime a device exhibits in the event of a failure • Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) • The process of combining the storage space of several hard disk drives into one larger logical storage unit

  16. RAID Configuration • Spanning • Type of RAID level 0 that allows SPARC processor architecture computers • Disk striping • Type of RAID 0, which is used to write separate information to hard disks to speed up access time • Disk mirroring • Also known as RAID 1, it consists of two identical hard disks, which are written to in parallel with the same information to ensure fault tolerance

  17. RAID Configuration • Disk Striping with Parity • RAID level 5 • Most common configuration used today • Used to write separate information to hard disks to speed up access time • Also contains parity information to ensure fault-tolerance

  18. RAID Configuration Figure 7-6: Organization of data on RAID level 5

  19. Advanced Installation Methods • Installing Linux graphically using a CD-ROM containing the correct installation files is the most common and easiest method for installing Linux • There are other methods for installing Linux that do not use a graphical interface for the installation, and may use a different source for the installation files, such as a: • Network server • Local hard disk

  20. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation • Text-based installation • Installation method that presents interactive material in a command-line text-based format rather than a GUI-based interface • Graphical installation • Installation method that presents interactive material in a GUI-based format, rather than a command-line text-based interface

  21. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation Figure 7-7: Installation welcome screen

  22. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation Figure 7-8: Language Selection screen during a text installation

  23. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation Figure 7-9: Keyboard selection screen during a text installation

  24. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation Figure 7-10: Mouse selection screen during a text installation

  25. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation Figure 7-11: Partition configuration screen during a graphical installation

  26. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation Figure 7-12: Partition configuration screen during a text installation

  27. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation Figure 7-13: Boot loader configuration screen during a graphical installation

  28. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation Figure 7-14: Choosing a boot loader during a text installation

  29. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation Figure 7-15: Choosing a boot loader location during a text installation

  30. Text-Based CD-ROM Installation Figure 7-16: Configuring boot kernel parameters during a text installation

  31. Hard Disk Installation • ISO images • Large single files that are exact copies of the information contained on a CD-ROM Figure 7-17: Configuring boot labels during a text installation

  32. Hard Disk Installation Figure 7-18: Language Selection during a text installation

  33. Hard Disk Installation Figure 7-19: Keyboard Selection during a text installation using an installation boot floppy

  34. Hard Disk Installation Figure 7-20: Selecting a method of installation using an installation boot floppy disk

  35. Network-Based Installations • Network installation • An installation where the installation source files are accessed across the network from a network share • Network installation boot floppy contains common NIC drivers and allows you to connect to a server with the appropriate installation files via one of the following protocols: • NFS • FTP • HTTP

  36. Network Installation Using NFS • Network File System (NFS) • Distributed file system developed by Sun Microsystems • Allows computers of differing types to access files shared on the network

  37. Network Installation Using FTP • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • Most common protocol used to transfer files across the Internet • Most operating systems come with an FTP client program • FTP hosts files differently than NFS does

  38. Network Installation Using HTTP • If NFS and FTP are not available on the network, then installation from a Web server on the network using HTTP is an alternative • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) • Underlying protocol used to transfer information over the Internet

  39. Installations from Network Clients Figure 7-21: Choosing a network installation type during a text installation using a network installation boot floppy

  40. Installations from Network Clients Figure 7-22: Configuring network settings during a text installation using a network installation boot floppy disk

  41. Installations from Network Clients Figure 7-23: Entering NFS configuration during a text installation from a network installation boot floppy disk

  42. Installations from Network Clients Figure 7-24: Entering FTP configuration during a text installation from a network installation boot floppy disk

  43. Installations from Network Clients Figure 7-25: Entering HTTP configuration during a text installation from a network installation boot floppy disk

  44. Installing Linux on Non-Intel Architectures • Some common roles for older hardware that can be achieved by installing Linux include but are not limited to: • DHCP servers • DNS servers • File and print servers • E-mail servers

  45. Installing Linux on Non-Intel Architectures • Some common roles for older hardware that can be achieved by installing Linux include but are not limited to (continued): • Web servers • Routers • Firewalls • News servers

  46. Installing Linux on Non-Intel Architectures Table 7-5: Internet installation resources for different architectures

  47. Installing Linux on Non-Intel Architectures • SILO • Program used to boot Linux on SPARC processor architecture computers • ABOOT • Boot loader for Alpha architecture platforms

  48. Installing Linux on Non-Intel Architectures Table 7-6: Common Alpha device labels

  49. Installing Linux on Non-Intel Architectures Figure 7-26: Language Selection screen after starting an installation of Linux on the Alpha architecture

  50. Problems Starting the Installation • You will typically start a Linux installation by booting from a CD-ROM that contains the appropriate installation files, or a floppy, which may then connect to a CD-ROM, hard disk, or network server to get the installation files • For this to occur, you must ensure that the boot order located in the BIOS is set to look for an operating system on the floppy or CD-ROM before it looks to the hard disk • BIOSes on different computers may be radically different • To ensure that you are changing the correct setting, consult the user’s manual for your mainboard

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