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NTS 501 NT Intro and Survey

NTS 501 NT Intro and Survey. Class VIII: 1-2 Corinthians. 1-2 Corinthians. 1.1 Introduction to Corinthian Correspondence How have 1-2 Cor used to justify theological or practical decisions in the life of the church? Positive & negative examples 1 Corinthians – theology in practice

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NTS 501 NT Intro and Survey

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  1. NTS 501 NT Intro and Survey Class VIII: 1-2 Corinthians

  2. 1-2 Corinthians 1.1 Introduction to Corinthian Correspondence • How have 1-2 Cor used to justify theological or practical decisions in the life of the church? • Positive & negative examples • 1 Corinthians – theology in practice • 2 Corinthians – theology of comfort, suffering • Some critical issues in 1 & 2 Cor • Historical reconstruction (e.g. composition of 2 Cor) • Spiritual gifts 1 Cor 12-14; Role of women in 1 Cor 11, 14 • Paul’s opponents in 1 Cor 10-13

  3. 1-2 Corinthians 1.2 The City of Corinth • To “God’s church in Corinth” (1 Cor 1:1; 2 Cor 1:1) • What kind of place was Corinth? • Administrative center of Achaia since 27BC • 200,000 inhabitants • Strategic location • Economy • City of the ‘new rich’ & self promotion • Isthmian games • 1 Cor 9:24-28

  4. 1-2 Corinthians • The city of Corinth – sex, booze, and religion • “Not for every man is the voyage to Corinth” (Strabo, Geog. 8.6.2) • “Corinthianize” (Aristophanes); “Corinthian girl” (Plato) • 1000 temple prostitutes in temple of Aphrodite (Strabo, Geog. 8.6.20) • The “Corinthian hat” [on a drunk] • Acrocorinth – temple of Aphrodite, goddess of love, lust, beauty • Near the forum – temple of Apollo & Athena • Northern city wall – sanctuary of Asclepius, the god of healing • Western end of forum – temple for Emperor worship • gods and cults (Dionysius, Ephesian Artemis, Fortuna, Poseidon) • At least one synagogue  Many of the problems in 1-2 Cor related to the situation – sexual immorality; drunkenness; meet sacrificed to idols; resurrection body

  5. 1-2 Corinthians 1.3 Author, Date, Provenance 1.3.1 - 1 Corinthians • Paul – no disputes (1Cl 47:1-3/1Cor 1:10-17; 1Cl49//1Cor13) • AD 53/54, Ephesus during the 3rd missionary journey 1.3.2 - 2 Corinthians • Paul – no disputes (e.g. Ig. to Eph 15:3 and 2 Cor 6:16) • AD 54/55, Macedonia (Philippi?) during 3rd missionary journey

  6. 1-2 Corinthians 1.4 History of Corinthian correspondence • At least three visits to Corinth • Visits and letters • 1st visit: AD 50-52 Paul plants the church (Acts 18) • Paul writes the “previous letter” 1 Cor 5:9, 11 [Cor A] • Paul writes 1 Cor from Ephesus AD 53-54 (1Cor 16:8; Cor B) • 2nd visit: “painful visit” (2Cor 2:1; 12:4; 13:1-2) • Paul writes the “severe letter” (2 Cor 2:4; 7:8; Cor C) • Paul writes 2 Cor from Macedonia AD 54/55 (2Cor 7:5; 8:1; 9:2; Cor D) • 3rd visit to Corinth (Acts 20:2)

  7. 1-2 Corinthians 1.4.1 The Occasion & purpose of 1 Cor • Paul founded the church (Acts 18) • Paul wrote the “lost letter” (5:9) • ‘avoid sexually immoral Christians’ • Response: ‘Chloe’s people’ (1:11); questions for further clarification (7:1, 25; 8:1,4 ; 12:1; 16:1,12; cf. 16:15-18) • Paul in Ephesus AD 51-52 • Return to unity & instruct on correct doctrine &behavior • Paul addresses each question & concern systematically

  8. 1-2 Corinthians • Problems within the Corinthian church • Disunitywithinchurch (1:11-12) • Sexual immorality (5:1-13; 6:18-20) • Abstinencewithinmarriage (7:1-7) • Litigations (6:1-11) & idolatry (10:1-22) • Disorderwithinchurchservices (11-14) • Lord’ssupper • Spiritual gifts • Thenature of resurrection (15:1-58)

  9. 1-2 Corinthians 2.1Themes and Message of 1 Cor • Unity & Schism within the church • Factions (1:12-13; 3:5, 21-23) • Foolishness of the cross & true wisdom of Spirit (1:18-2:16) • Christ the foundation, church as temple of HS (3:1-4:21) • Litigations among believers (6:1-11) • Civil: reputation, bribes, status • Behave “as if” and in light of who you truly are • Lord’s supper – ‘one hungry…another drunk’ (11:17-34) • Roman banquets & social status issues • Words of Jesus – koinonia of the new covenant; self-examination; judgment of believers

  10. 1-2 Corinthians • Spiritual gifts – overemphasis on tongues (12-14) • Edification & unity of the body – not for show off • Superiority of love; superiority of gifts that edifice the body • Order in the worship service – each in turn (14:39) • Marriage and sexuality (1 Cor 5:1-13; 6:12-7:39) • Incestuous relationship – boasting (5:1-13) • Church discipline – in order to save him; body of Christ is holy • Visiting prostitutes (6:15-16) • Unity of the body of Christ; body as temple of the HS; resurrection • Marriage and singleness (7:1-39) • Celibacy preferred (7:6-8, 25-28, 32-34, 37-40) • Marriage “in the Lord” (7:39; cf. 7:12-16) • Divorce to be avoided (7:10-13, 16)

  11. 1-2 Corinthians • Idolatry and meat sacrificed to idols • Idol worship in the Roman society pervasive • Meet in the Roman “Publix” • Food sacrificed to idols – knowledge vs. consideration • “eat what ever” but consider the weak • “flee idol worship” – “whatever you do…glorify God” • Participation in the idols & Lord’s supper not possible (10:20) • “All things are lawful” – “seek the advantage of others”

  12. 1-2 Corinthians • The Nature of Resurrection (1 Cor 15:1-58) • “first importance” – the gospel that saves you (15:1-9) • “how can you say…no resurrection” (15:12) • “How are the dead raised…what kind of body” (15:35) • Platonic vs. Jewish idea of human body • Paul’s arguments • No resurrection – no hope • Why would Paul risk his life? • Christ’s resurrection – the first fruits (15:23) • Resurrection body – spiritual body (Gk. sarkikos vs. pneumatikos) • Seed and plant • Perishable – imperishable • Dishonor – glory • Weakness – power • Victory over death  Excel in the Lord’s work (15:58) & collection for the saints (16:1-4)

  13. 1-2 Corinthians 3.1 Introduction to 2 Cor • What aspects of 2 Cor are relevant to churches of today? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KiyN1uyXsLs

  14. 1-2 Corinthians 3.2 Integrity of 2 Corinthians • 1-9 & 10-13 – change in tone • Is 10-13 the “tearful letter” (cf. 2 Cor 7:8)? • “tearful letter” - offender punished (2Cor 2:5-6); no references in 10-13 • Written back to back? Why fuse & leave such abrupt transition? cf. 9:4 • 1-9 to congregation at large, 10-13 to opponents • Pauses in dictation/writing? New information? • Transition between chps. 8-9 abrupt – “Now concerning…” • Intro formula used to give an explanation to the preceding section • 2:14-7:4 – interruption of discussion regarding Titus (cf. 2:13, 7:5) • Connection b/w 2:13 and 2:14 • 6:14-7:1 – out place & character for Paul ‘Take us into your hearts’ • Necessary qualification for his plea “to open heart” • Disruption of thought due to time lapse?

  15. 1-2 Corinthians 3.3 Occasion and purpose • After writing 1 Cor from Ephesus (1Cor 16:5-7) • Change in plans - “painful confrontation” (2Cor2:5; 7:12; 13:2) • Paul unreliable? (1:15-23) • Avoid second confrontation & pain (1:23; 2:1-3) • Arrival of “super-apostles” (11:5; 12:11) & contest for authority • “tearful letter” (cf. 1Cor5:9; 2Cor 2:3-4, 9; 7:12) • “ultimatum” to the church to discipline (2Cor 2:9; 7:12; regret 7:8) • Trails in Asia – “deadly peril” (1:8-9) • Paul to Troas (2:12-13); message from Titus about repentance (7:9-11) • Paul’s confidence restored (7:16) • Writing of 2 Cor as a response • Purpose of 2 Cor • Defend his integrity, apostolic authority & counter false teachers

  16. 1-2 Corinthians 3.4 Themes and Message of 2 Cor • Integrity and apostolic authority of Paul • Paul’s integrity and apostolic authority questioned • Sincerity and suffering (1:12; 2:17; 4:16; 6:4-10; 11:21-33) • Personal relationship w/ Corinthians (2:1-4; 6:12; 11:11) • Ministry of HS & New Covenant from God (3:1-18; 5:17) • Apostolic authority of Paul (1Cor 5:3-5; 14:37-38; 11:1) • ‘super apostles’ challenge (11:12-14, 22-23) • Who is a true apostle? Qualifications? (cf. Rom 16:7) • Sings and wonders (12:12) • “seen the Lord” (9:1; cf. 15:3-8) • Founder of the church & authority to discipline (6:13; 12:14; 10:2-6) • Spokesperson for authoritative tradition (15:3; 11:2, 23)

  17. 1-2 Corinthians • Offering to the poor 2 Cor 8-9; (cf. Gal 2:10; Acts 11:29-30; 24:17) • Unfulfilled promises (cf. 1Cor 16:1-3; 2Cor 8:10-11) • God’s economy – “neither excess not want” (8:12-15) • Theological and practical factors • God’s grace work in Macedonia – extreme poverty (8:1-4) • Voluntary; privilege; first to the Lord • Theological reasons • Christ’s self-giving sacrifice (8:9) • God’s promised provision & blessing (9:6-12) • Glory of God and confession of the gospel (9:13-14) • Integrity in the Lord and before people (8:20-22) • “sharing with them and all others” (9:13)

  18. 1-2 Corinthians • Suffering, weakness, comfort, and power • Paul “despaired of life” – God’scomfort (1:3-11) • Paul accused of timidity &unimpressiveappearance (10:1, 10) • He isweak – butGod shows power in weakness • Triumphalprocession (2:14-17) • Treasure in earthenvessels (4:7) • Paul’sapostolicsufferingbringssalvationtoothers (6:6-8) • God’spowerbecomesevident in suffering(4:7; 12:9-10) • Focuson eternal things (4:7-12; 5:1-10) • Boastingaboutsuffering - exposeopponents’ follishness (11:16-12:10)  Human weakness and sufferingisthesoilonwhichGod’sgrace and powerbecomes a reality – butonlytothosewhohavefaithtoseeGod’s eternal purpose in it

  19. 1-2 Corinthians • 1.

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