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Understanding Gases: Properties, Behavior, and Measurements

This document explores the physical properties of gases, including ideal and real gas behavior as explained by the Kinetic Molecular Theory. It discusses key characteristics such as gas expansion, low density, compressibility, and random motion. Additionally, it defines temperature in Kelvin and outlines essential measurement units for pressure at sea level, as well as methods like barometers and manometers for measuring atmospheric and contained gas pressure. Understanding these principles is vital in various scientific applications.

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Understanding Gases: Properties, Behavior, and Measurements

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  1. Ch. 10 & 11 - Gases I. Physical Properties(p. 303 - 312) C. Johannesson

  2. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory • Particles in an ideal gas… • have no volume. • have elastic collisions. • are in constant, random, straight-line motion. • don’t attract or repel each other. • have an avg. KE directly related to Kelvin temperature. C. Johannesson

  3. B. Real Gases • Particles in a REAL gas… • have their own volume • attract each other • Gas behavior is most ideal… • at low pressures • at high temperatures • in nonpolar atoms/molecules C. Johannesson

  4. C. Characteristics of Gases • Gases expand to fill any container. • random motion, no attraction • Gases are fluids (like liquids). • no attraction • Gases have very low densities. • no volume = lots of empty space C. Johannesson

  5. C. Characteristics of Gases • Gases can be compressed. • no volume = lots of empty space • Gases undergo diffusion & effusion. • random motion C. Johannesson

  6. D. Temperature K = ºC + 273 ºF -459 32 212 ºC -273 0 100 K 0 273 373 • Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin) when working with gases. C. Johannesson

  7. E. Pressure Which shoes create the most pressure? C. Johannesson

  8. E. Pressure Aneroid Barometer Mercury Barometer • Barometer • measures atmospheric pressure C. Johannesson

  9. E. Pressure U-tube Manometer Bourdon-tube gauge • Manometer • measures contained gas pressure C. Johannesson

  10. E. Pressure • KEY UNITS AT SEA LEVEL 101.325 kPa (kilopascal) 1 atm 760 mm Hg 760 torr 14.7 psi C. Johannesson

  11. F. STP Standard Temperature & Pressure 0°C273 K 1 atm101.325 kPa -OR- STP C. Johannesson

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