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Fungi & Molds

Fungi Are eukaryotic heterotrophs . Frequently decomposers, sometimes parasites. Usual structure is a mass of entangled filaments called Hyphae Hyphae can have cross walls ( Septum ) separating individual cells. Or have no separations. Overall mass is called mycelium. Fungi & Molds.

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Fungi & Molds

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  1. Fungi Are eukaryotic heterotrophs. Frequently decomposers, sometimes parasites. Usual structure is a mass of entangled filaments called Hyphae Hyphae can have cross walls (Septum) separating individual cells. Or have no separations. Overall mass is called mycelium Fungi & Molds

  2. Reproduction • Fungi differ from many organisms in that they: • Reproduce sexually & asexually • Longest stage of life cycle is in the haploid (N) stage NOT the diploid (2N) stage. • Asexual reproduction is accomplished through the creation and spreading of asexual spores. • Sexual reproduction is accomplished through creation and spreading of sexual spores by opposite mating types ((+) & (-)). • There are 3 major divisions of fungi

  3. Division Zygomycota: • Example: Black Bread mold • Hyphae produce Sporangium which form spores asexually which are released to form new mycelia. • Reproduce sexually also. • Hyphae of (+) and (-) mating types called Gametangia fuse to form a diploid (2N) Zygospore • Zygospore undergoes meiosis to produce spores which are then released

  4. Life Cycle of the Bread Mold Sexual reproduction Hyphae called Stolons of opposite mating types (+ & -) will fuse to form a structure called Gametangia. Diploid (2N) Zygospore is formed. Zygospore produces sporandia which undergoes meiosis to release haploid (N) spores.

  5. Division Ascomycetes (Sac Fungi) • Named because sexual spores are produced in small sacs called asci (ascus). • Asexual spores are produced on conidia by special hyphae called conidiophores.

  6. Division Basidomycota: • Include mushrooms, shelf fungi & puffballs Name derives from formation of a transient diploid (2N) stage of the life cycle called the Basidium.

  7. Life cycle of basidiomycota NOTE: NEVER eat a wild mushroom. Many are extremely toxic and can cause serious injury or death if eaten.

  8. Ecological Significance: • Are valuable decomposers which function to return organic material back to the ecosystem. • Fungi can form valuable symbiotic relationships • Example are lichens which is a symbiotic relationship with algae.

  9. Fungi Significance • Have great economic value • Yeast is a unicellular fungus used for baking and brewing. • Many mushrooms are edible • Diseases caused by fungi. • Plants are most vulnerable to molds & fungi. • It is a serious threat to agriculture some common crop diseases caused by molds & fungi are: • Potato blight • Wheat rust • Corn smut • Can cause disease in humans. • "Athlete's foot" • Ring worm • Thrush and other yeast infections

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