2. Toxins in Autism: Mercury to PCB’s Woody R. McGinnis M.D. Anaheim, June 28, 2003

3. Irene (Vicky) Colquhoun 1920-2000

4. Parent Pioneers Bernard Rimland Ellen Bolte Brenda O’Reilly Victoria Beck Rik Rollens The Mercury Team

9. Autism and ADHD are Symptoms Multiple underlying problems Variation and commonality Gut and nutrition paramount

10. Cornerstones Suboptimal Nutrition Food Intolerances Microbial Overgrowths Toxins

11. Gut Disease Predominates Esophagitis 69% Gastritis 42% Duodenitis 67% Colitis 88%

12. Autistic Gut Symptoms Abdominal pain 69% Chronic diarrhea 58% Constipation 35% Night-awakening 42%

13. Gut Status Poor digestion and absorption Leaky gut: proteins out, toxins and antigens in Microbial overgrowths Poor enzyme production Altered signaling to CNS

14. Gut Dysfunction Microbes Nutrients Peps, Ags, Overgrow Low Toxins In

15. Laboratory Indices of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency in Autism Defeat Autism Now 27 October 2002 San Diego Tapan Audhya Ph.D. Emar Vogelaar Ph.D.

16. Low Nutrient Levels in Autism(187 Autistic, 11-16 y.o vs. 10-17 y.o. controls)

17. Low Nutrient Levels in Autism187 Autistics (11-16 y.o.) v. Controls (10-17 y.o.)

18. Low Nutrient Levels in Autism

19. Substrate Requirement for Maximal Activity of P5P Dependent Enzymes

20. Substrate Requirement for Maximal Activity of P5P Dependent Enzymes

21. Low Minerals in Autism

22. Membrane Fatty Acids

23. Nutrient Blockade Absorption Transport Breakdown Excretion Inhibition

24. Blocked Absorption Heavy metals: direct mucosal injury Oral contraceptives block managnese Insecticides: lipase inhibition Poor acid production from microbial toxins and peptides means poor absorption of magnesium, zinc, B6 and amino acids

25. Blocked Transport PCB’s block RBP, so low stored and circulating Vitamin A Cadmium displaces Zinc Toxin-lowered [Magnesium]: poor P5P entry Caramel coloring blocks P5P entry

26. Increased Breakdown Ubiquitous toxins, including polyhalogenated hydrocarbons (PCB’s, PCDD’s, PCDF’s) cause: Vitamin A destruction

27. Increased Excretion ETOH and Gentamycin: Vitamin B Theophylline: Magnesium Mercury: Magnesium and Calcium Sulfa and Indocin: Folate Tartrazine: Zinc

28. Nutrient Inhibition Insecticides and theophylline bind B6-dependent enzymes Sulfa drugs antagonize Folate Lead competes for Calcium binding sites Benzene binds Pyridoxine (B6) Hydrazines (jets, corrosion inhibiter) and Hydrazides (“Alar” on fruits, cigarettes and especially potato chips): B6 look-a-likes

29. Environmental Toxins in Autism? Some Clues: D-glucaric acid increased in 78% Plasma glutathione low in 46% Lower glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx)

30. Organic Toxins in Autism

31. Organic Toxins in Autism

32. Elevated Toxins in Autism(41 autistics, 24 controls)

33. Toxins in Autism

34. Metals in autism? • Clinical Pediatrics, 1988; 23(1):41-44 Temporal association lead and autism • Am J Dis Chld, 1976;130:47-48 Higher blood lead levels and response to EDTA chelation. • DAN 2001 case report: normal 4 y.o. regresses severely to ASD post-amalgams

35. HEAVY METALS AC / DC DANGER DANGER EROTIC LIQUID CULTURE JEREMY & THE SUICIDES MEGA DEATH METALLICA MOTORHEAD NEAR LIFE EXPERIENCE NEUROTICA NEW AMERICAN SHAME PSYCHOTICA VITAMIN F

36. Toxic Metals Mercury Nickel Lead Tin Cadmium Free Copper Arsenic Free Iron

37. Metals: Toxic Mechanisms Membrane damage Protein distortion Calcium channel block Nutrient depletion Immune suppression Detoxifier depletion Oxidative stress

38. Sensitivity to Metals Chemical form Amount and duration Age, gender, genetics Nutrition and immunity Other toxins

39. Autism / Mercury Clues Acidosis Cholinergic block Low sulphate Autoimmunity TH2 shift Demyelination Seizures Visual Depressed NK Purkinje / granule Se depletion B6 depletion

40. Pink Disease From 1890, often lethal Often pink cheeks, nose and painful hands (‘acrodynia’) Calomel teething powder Typically latent onset Only 1 in 500 exposed

41. Pink Disease Apathy Repetitive rocking Lost play Repetitive hands Sound / light Poor muscle tone Touch averse Seizures Head-banging Infections, insomnia

43. Autism / Mercury Traits Social deficit Toe-walking Speech loss Head-banging Echolalia Touch-averse Repetitive Sound sensitive Lateral gaze Poor eye-hand Flapping Rashes Circling Poor sleep Abnormal G.I. ADHD

44. Case study – C.M. EPA maximum is 0.1 mcg Hg / kg / day First Hep-B 12.5 mcg, so X 30 that day [Presumed] 25 mcg in each DPT and H-flu. By 6 mos, total Hg 187.5 mcg, or X 2 EPA (total exposure)

45. CASE STUDY - C.M.

47. Thimerosal Aliases Ethyl mercury Elcide Ethylmercurithiosalicylate Mercurothiolate Merfamin Merthiolate Ethylmercuric thiosalicylate Timerasol, Thimerosal, Thiomerosal..

48. Mercury Injections No safety studies Organic forms of Hg most toxic Faroes Islands bolus lesson Infants poor excretors Vaccines open BBB

49. Thimerosal and Autism • CDC: initial suggestion of association, prior to revision of study results • IOM: thimerosal / autism link “plausible” • First published epidemiological report: incidence of autism X 6 if received DPT with Hg [Geier M and Geier D, 2003]

50. Metals-Detox Nutrients Vitamin C 250-2000 mg b.i.d ups GSH Vitamin E 150-400 IU daily helps Se combat Hg and Cd Selenium 1-4 mg/kg/day Melatonin up to 0.1 mg/kg Lipoic Acid 1-10 mg/kg Support MET pathway Taurine 200-1000mg/d Glutathione