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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

BIOLOGY Form 4 . PHOTOSYNTHESIS . OBJECTIVES. The objectives of the photosynthesis learning for students a re: To describe what is the photosynthesis To explain how the process photosynthesis is occur To identify the structure of leaves that involve the photosynthesis process

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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  1. BIOLOGY Form 4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  2. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the photosynthesis learning for students are: • To describe what is the photosynthesis • To explainhow the process photosynthesis is occur • To identify the structure of leaves that involve the photosynthesis process • To explain how the leaves adapted to photosynthesis process

  3. 5) Compare the differences between light reaction and dark reaction • 6) To describe the adaptation of plants from different habitats to carry out photosynthesis • 7) To explain the factors that affecting photosynthesis • 8) To describe the significance of photosynthesis

  4. WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS? Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into food energy (glucose, chemical energy stored in chemical bonds) Photosynthesis carried out by plants and algae. The process of photosynthesis is a chemical reaction.

  5. sunlight carbon dioxide oxygen photosynthesis glucose water Photosynthesisis a chemical reaction that happens in the leaf. TO AIR OR USED FOR RESPIRATION What are the reactants? PRODUCT REACTANT Where do they come from? FROM AIR What are the productsof the reaction? What happens to the products? PRODUCT USED BY PLANT REACTANT FROM SOIL

  6. WHAT HAPPENS DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS? • Plants capture light energy ,then use that energy to make glucose. • Sunlight provides the energy needed by chlorophyll to change molecules of carbon dioxide and water into glucose. • Oxygen is also released in this reaction. • Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the holes called stomata.

  7. out of leafthrough stomata some oxygen and glucose used in respiration cellulose for cell walls oxygen proteins for growth and enzymes carbon dioxidefrom the air photosynthesis starch for storage glucose waterfrom soil fats and oils for storage ● Plants make glucoseby photosynthesis. ● This is how they grow Glucose is a sugar. But a plant is not just sugar! It makes lots of other chemicals so it can grow. Starch is one chemical that a plant makes.

  8. THE EQUATION FOR THE CHEMICAL REACTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS + C6H12O6 6 CO2+ 6 H2O 6 O2 light energy taken in oxygen + sugar carbon dioxide + water

  9. Structures of leaf: • Cross-section of a Leaf: • Palisade Mesophyll • Spongy Mesophyll • Guard cell • Stomata • Epidermis • Cuticle • Vein

  10. HOW ARE LEAVES ADAPTED FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

  11. ADAPTATIONS OF PLANTS FROM DIFFERENT HABITATS TO CARRY OUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  12. THE MECHANISM OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis occurs in two main stages :- • Light reaction • Take place only in the presence of light • Occur in the grana which contain light – trapping pigments, chlorophyll • Dark reaction • Take place both in the presence and absence of light • Occur in the stroma

  13. FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Light intensity • Concentration of carbon dioxide • Temperature • Water supply NEXT

  14. LIGHT INTENSITY • Plant make use of solar energy to synthesis food during photosynthesis • Therefore, the amount of light received by a plant determines the amount of food that can be synthesis by the plant. BACK

  15. CONCENTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE • When the light intensity and temperature are keep constant and increase in carbon dioxide concentration will bring about an increase in the rate of photosynthesis up to a certain point • Beyond this point, the rate of photosynthesis will become maximum and will not increase further. BACK

  16. TEMPERATURE • Photosynthesis involves reaction that catalysed by enzymes which are affected by changes in temperature BACK

  17. WATER SUPPLY • Although water is needed by plants for photosynthesis, it is seldom the limiting factor • When plant do not get enough water, wilting occurs and the stomata will close • This prevents carbon dioxide from diffusing into the leaves BACK

  18. Significance of Photosynthesis: • It is the primary source of organic food and food energy (ATP) for all forms of life, either directly or indirectly. (2) Excess sugars produced in photosynthesis are either stored in the form of carbohydrates or used in the biosynthesis of other organic compounds. (3) In any ecosystem, green plants represent the most essential biotic components as they are the primary producers.

  19. (4)Photosynthesis helps to purify air and also maintain balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the ecosystem. (5)Oxygenic photosynthesis was responsible for converting the totally anaerobic condition on earth into aerobic atmosphere present now. (6)The fossil fuels (e.g. natural gas, coal, petroleum (oil), etc.) are all energy-rich materials of an organic origin. The energy stored in all these fuels is basically solar energy which was trapped and stored during photosynthesis in the geological past

  20. QUIZ 1. Leaves are adapted for…. a)pollination b) photosynthesis c) photography. 3. Stomata are... a) holes in a leaf that can open and close to let gases in and out b) the cells that carry out photosynthesis c) small stones found in your stomach. 2. The photosynthetic process removes ___ from the environment. a) Water b) Sugar c) oxygen d) carbon dioxide 4. Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis? a) glucose b) carbon dioxide c) oxygen d) All of the above are products of photosynthesis NEXT

  21. 5. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through ____. a) chloroplasts; b) Stomata c) Mesophyll cells d) leaf veins 7. Which of the following cells do not carry out photosynthesis? Pith cells Guard cells Spongy mesophyll cells Palisadmesophyll cells 6. The reactants of photosynthesis reaction are carbon dioxide and.. a) chlorophyll b) sunlight c) water d)oxygen 8. Which of the following is an adaptation of the leaves to obtain the maximum amount of light? Sunken stomata thick vaxy cuticle Thin and flat shapes Occurance of intercellular spaces NEXT

  22. 9. Which of the following can influence the rate of photosynthesis 1-water supply 2-temperature 3-presence of chlorophyll 4-time per day 1&2 only 1,2 & 3 only 2, 3 & 4 only 1,2,3,4 10. Glucose that produced during photosynthesis process are converted into 1-protein 2- fat 3- cellulose 4-starch 4 only 1&3 only 2&4 only 1,2&3 only ALL THE BEST

  23. PREPARED BY : NUR HASNINI BT HASSAN 880228-03-5014 95220/02 EMA NORAZURA BT SULIMAN 850206-01-5904 95183/ 02 NADIAH BT ABU NOR 850206-04-5564 95201/ 02 NURSYAFINAS BT MOHAMMAD ZAKI 880727-08-6510 95228/02 NADIAH BT ISHAK 870402-56-5530 95202/02 SCHOOL OF EDUCATIONAL STUDIES , 2008/2009 UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

  24. RE REFERENCE • www.biol.wwu.edu/lapsansk/101/Photosynthesis.pdf • www.pinkmonkey.com/studyguides/subjects/biologyedited/chap4.pdf • www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.html • FocusSuper Biology SPM by Dr. HamdanMohd. Noor • (Pelangi SDN.BHD.)

  25. CONGRATULATION !!! YOUR ANSWER IS CORRECT !! Go to the next questions... BACK

  26. SORRY ! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG !! PLEASE TRY AGAIN… BACK

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