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Unit 3: Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry

This guide covers the fundamentals of net ionic equations in aqueous reactions, highlighting how certain substances dissociate into ions while others do not. Key rules are provided to determine which compounds break apart, including guidelines for solids, liquids, gases, strong and weak acids and bases, and soluble vs. insoluble ionic compounds. Practical examples illustrate how to write and balance net ionic equations by identifying and removing spectator ions. Enhance your understanding of stoichiometry and chemical behavior in aqueous solutions with these essential concepts.

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Unit 3: Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry

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  1. Unit 3: Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry Net Ionic Equations

  2. Net Ionic Equations For reactions taking place in water many substances dissociate (break apart) into ions Spectator ions: ions that do not actually participate in the reaction To write a net ionic equation you must determine what compounds dissociate and which do not

  3. Net Ionic Rules Which molecules dissociate??? • Rule 1 – Solids, liquids, and gases • Do NOT dissociate (break apart) • Rule 2 – Acids: • Strong acids dissociate (break apart): HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, & HClO4 • Weak acids stay together • Rule 3 – Bases: • Strong bases dissociate (break apart): Group 1 and 2 hydroxides (but NOT beryllium hydroxide): LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 • Weak bases stay together

  4. Net Ionic Rules Which molecules dissociate??? • Rule 4 – Ionic Compounds: • If soluble: dissociate • If insoluble: stay together **Use the table on p. 125 in your textbook or the chart on your periodic table

  5. Net Ionic Practice • Determine whether the following compounds dissociate in water or not: • H2SO4 • FeS • KOH • Ca(NO3)2 • Cu3(PO4)2

  6. Steps to Writing Net Ionic Equations Example: Hydrochloric acid solution and sodium hydroxide solution yield water and dissolved sodium chloride Step 1 – Write and balance the molecular form: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) H2O (l) + NaCl (aq) Step 2 – Determine which molecules dissociate and rewrite in ionic form:H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l) + Cl-(aq) + Na+(aq) Spectator ions Step 3 – Cancel ions that appear on both sides: H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O (l)

  7. Net Ionic Example – WS #1 Sodium metal + water  sodium hydroxide + hydrogen gas

  8. Net Ionic Decision Making Tree

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