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Energy

TPES. Energy. http://www.radiantsolar.us/images/common/energy-supply.jpg. Energy Sources and their Greenhouse Gas Emissions. IGCC: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle LNG C-C: Liquefied Natural Gas with Carbon Capture. http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp09.htm. Coal.

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Energy

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  1. TPES Energy http://www.radiantsolar.us/images/common/energy-supply.jpg

  2. Energy Sources and their Greenhouse Gas Emissions IGCC: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle LNG C-C: Liquefied Natural Gas with Carbon Capture http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp09.htm

  3. Coal Made almost entirely of carbon • Advantages: • One of the most abundant energy sources • Versatile; can be burned directly, transformed into liquid, gas, or feedstock • Inexpensive compared to other energy sources • Leading source of electricity today • Reduces dependence on foreign oil • Very large amounts of electricity can be generated in one place, fairly cheaply. • Estimates of # of years left of reserves: 400 yrs

  4. Coal • Disadvantages • A coal plant generates about 3,700,000 tons of carbon dioxide every year; this is one of the main causes of global warming. (Composition: mainly carbon) • A single coal plant creates 10,000 tons of sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain that damages forests, lakes, and buildings. • When people dig for coal, they cut down many trees. • A coal plant also creates 720 tons of carbon monoxide; which causes headaches and place additional stress on people with heart disease. • Cultivating coal is a very dangerous job - many men and women die each year in coal mine related failures and accidents

  5. Crude Oil Advantages • Oil is one of the most abundant energy resources • Liquid form of oil makes it easy to transport and use • Oil has high heating value • Relatively inexpensive • No new technology needed to use http://www.spsu.edu/tmgt/vasa-sideris/MGNT4125/ADVANTAGES_AND_DISADVANTAGES_OF_ENERGY_SOURCES.htm

  6. Disadvantages • Oil burning leads to carbon emissions (hydrocarbon) • Finite resources (some disagree) • Oil recovery processes not efficient enough—technology needs to be developed to provide better yields • Oil drilling endangers the environment and ecosystems • Oil transportation (by ship) can lead to spills, causing environmental and ecological damage • Dependency of unstable governments • Finite: controversy about how finite

  7. Natural Gas (Methane CH4) Advantages • Burns clean compared to coal, oil (less polluting) • 70% less carbon dioxide compared to other fossil fuels (more carbon than hydrogen compared to crude oil) • Helps improve quality of air and water (not a pollutant) • Does not produce ashes after energy release • Has high heating value of 24,000 Btu per pound • Inexpensive compared to coal

  8. Natural Gas (Methane CH4) Disadvantages • Does produce greenhouse gases • Not a renewable source • Finite resource trapped in the earth (some experts disagree) • Controversy about hydrofracking’s impact on the environment

  9. Biofuels and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Corn Ethanol: Not much savings– a result of agribusiness lobbying http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ethanol/emissions.html

  10. Wind Energy: Part of a turbine http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/images/pic5-1.gif http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/image/wind-turbine.jpg

  11. How a generator works http://www.generatorguide.net/howgeneratorworks.html

  12. Advantages of Wind Energy: • Wind energy is friendly to the surrounding environment, as no fossil fuels are burnt to generate electricity from wind energy. • Newer technologies are making the extraction of wind energy much more efficient. The wind is free, and we are able to cash in on this free source of energy. • Wind turbines are a great resource to generate energy in remote locations, such as mountain communities and remote countryside.

  13. Disadvantages: • Unreliable. In many areas, the winds strength is too low to support a wind turbine or wind farm. • Intermittent– not always windy. • Difficult to store excess electricity. • The bigger the turbine the more efficient-very windy high up and large blades, more energy captured • Need to update power grid to transport electricity to from wind turbine to places where it’s not windy • Wind turbine construction can be very expensive. • Protests and/or petitions usually confront any proposed wind farm development.

  14. where: Power= Power available from the wind (W); r= air density (kg/m3); v=wind velocity (m/s); R=Length of blade Area= area that the turbine blades sweep out= p r2.. If the wind speed is 20 (mi/hr), the blade length=3 m, and the air density is 1.2 kg/m3find Wind speed in m/s • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12

  15. where: Power= Power available from the wind (W); r= air density (kg/m3); v=wind velocity (m/s); R=Length of blade Area= area that the turbine blades sweep out= pr2.. If the wind speed is 20 (mi/hr), the blade length=3 m, and the air density is 1.2 kg/m3 find power available to the turbine (kW): • 12 • 14 • 16 • 18

  16. where: Power= Power available from the wind (W); r= air density (kg/m3); v=wind velocity (m/s); R=Length of blade Area= area that the turbine blades sweep out= pr2.. If the wind speed is 20 (mi/hr), the blade length=3 m, and the air density is 1.2 kg/m3If the wind speed doubles, find the power (kW) available to the turbine. • 60 • 80 • 100 • 120

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