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Describing Consonants in English and Mandarin: Yule Chapter 7 Exercise

This exercise focuses on describing consonants in English and Mandarin based on airstream, place of articulation, and voicing. It guides students with practice questions and characteristics for phonological analysis.

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Describing Consonants in English and Mandarin: Yule Chapter 7 Exercise

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  1. Linguistics week 9 Phonetics 2

  2. Morphological exercise (for 42218 students) • 42201 students: optional • You will be assigned one of Yule chapter 7 exercise C, D or II (i, ii and v only) • You must hand it on Monday 26th • You are recommended to do it before the midterm exam (it will be good practice) • For help: look at page 68, and study question 5

  3. Describing (characterizing) consonants • First, airstream: • For all sounds in English and Mandarin, this is pulmonic egressive • Second, place of articulation • Listed in Yule chapter 5 • How would you describe the difference between [f], [θ] and [s]? • How about [p], [t] and [k]? (groups?)

  4. Third, voicing • Voiced and voiceless consonants • [f] and [v] are both bilabial • So what’s the difference? • [v] is voiced • The vocal folds open and close rapidly • (They vibrate) • [f] is voiceless • No vibration

  5. Features (characteristics) for describing consonants • So, • Airstream (usually the same for all consonants) • Place of articulation • Voicing • Manner of articulation • So, [p] is … • egressive pulmonic • bilabial • voiceless • plosive

  6. Phonology 1: Minimal pairs (show b/v, then Yule 46&50) • Each pair has the same number of phones • bet pet • bet bed • bet bat • Each pair differs by only one phone • They are called minimal pairs • These minimal pairs prove that • /b/ and /p/ • /t/ and /d/ • /e/ and /a/ • make a difference of meaning, in English • those six sounds are Phonemes of English • Altogether, there are about 42 phonemes

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