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The Host Environment

The Host Environment. Module 2.1. The Host Environment. Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: List the hardware and software components of the host environment Describe key protocols and concepts used by each component. Examples of Hosts. Server. Laptop. Group of Servers.

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The Host Environment

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  1. The Host Environment Module 2.1

  2. The Host Environment Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: • List the hardware and software components of the host environment • Describe key protocols and concepts used by each component The Host Environment

  3. Examples of Hosts Server Laptop Group of Servers Mainframe The Host Environment

  4. CPU Bus Storage I/O Devices Host Physical Components The Host Environment

  5. CPU CPU Bus ALU L1 Cache Bus Registers The Host Environment

  6. … n Data n Data 3 3 2 Data 2 1 Data 1 0 Data 0 Address Content Storage Disk Memory The Host Environment

  7. Fast Speed Slow Low High Cost Storage Hierarchy – Speed and Cost CPU registers L1 cache L2 cache Magnetic disk RAM Optical disk Tape The Host Environment

  8. I/O Devices • Human interface • Keyboard • Mouse • Monitor • Computer-computer interface • Network Interface Card (NIC) • Computer-peripheral interface • USB (Universal Serial Bus) port • Host Bus Adapter (HBA) The Host Environment

  9. Host Environment: Logical Components The Host Environment

  10. File Systems The Host Environment

  11. UNIX (UFS) File type and permissions Number of links Owner and group IDs Number of bytes in the file Last file access Last file modification Windows (NTFS) Time stamp and link count File name Access rights File data Index information Volume information File System: Metadata Examples The Host Environment

  12. File Systems: Journaling and Logging • Improves data integrity and system restart time over non-journaling file systems. • Uses a separate area called a log or journal. • May hold all data to be written • May hold only metadata • Disadvantage - slower than other file systems. • Each file system update requires at least 1 extra write – to the log The Host Environment

  13. Volume Management The Host Environment

  14. HBAs The Host Environment

  15. Improving Data Availability at the Host Redundancy: • Multiple HBAs • Multi-pathing software • Clustering The Host Environment

  16. Teacher Course File(s) File System Files File System Blocks Configures / Manages Reside in Mapped by file system to Disk Sectors Disk Physical Extents LVM Logical Extents Managed by Disk Storage Subsystem Consisting of Mapped by LVM to Residing in How Files are Moved to and from Storage The Host Environment

  17. Module Summary Key points covered in this module: • Hosts typically have: • Hardware: CPU, memory, buses, disks, ports, and interfaces. • Software: applications, operating systems, file systems, device drivers, volume managers • HBAs connect hosts to storage devices. • Multi-pathing software uses redundant paths to ensure uninterrupted communication between the host and the storage • Clustering uses redundant host systems to improve data availability The Host Environment

  18. Check Your Knowledge • What are some examples of hosts? • Describe the hardware components found in most hosts. • What is the function of the operating system? • What is the function of the file system? • What are some techniques that can be used to improve availability at the host? • What is volume management? The Host Environment

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