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Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

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arthurh
25 diapositives · 289 Views · Jan 02, 2020

This chapter explores the physical and chemical properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. It covers characteristics such as luster, conductivity, density, melting point, ductility, malleability, corrosiveness, and alloys. The chapter also discusses the reactivity and properties of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, halogens, noble gases, and rare-earth elements.

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  1. Chapter 6 Notes Book chapter 4-3

  2. I. Properties of Metals and Nonmetals -Physical Prop of metals 1. *Luster: shininess 2. Good conductor of heat and electricity 3. High density

  3. 4. High melting point 5. Ductile 6. Malleable

  4. -Chem Prop of Metals 1. *Corrosive: wearing away of metal

  5. -Alloy *A mixture of two elements – both metals, or a metal and a nonmetal – that has properties of a metal. ex: stainless steel, Brass

  6. -Physical Properties of Nonmetals 1. Not as easy to recognize as a group.

  7. -Chem Prop of Nonmetals 1. Tend to gain e- -Metalloids 1. Display prop of both 2. All are solid

  8. II. Active Metals -most found in Group 1 and 2 *Combustion: ___ + O2 ----> CO2 + H2O

  9. -Alkali Metals *Elements in Group 1 -most reactive of all metals -never found(nature)as free elem -Rxn with water produces a base -one e- in outermost nrg level

  10. -Alkaline Earth Metals *elements in Group 2 -reactive -harder and denser -never found free in nature -combine to make alloys -two e- in outermost nrg level

  11. Flame Test ----Group 1 reactivity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNojS6ZZ4og #9 (Alkali Flame Test) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJvS4uc4TbU #10 (Flame Test 07) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft4E1eCUItI&feature=related #11 (Alkali metals in water) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY #13 (Alkali metals: brainiac) Na Notes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9O7kJLTa9Sg #12 (Alkali Metals (periodicity))

  12. Na Notes • pH: percent hydronium ions • Ranges from 0 – 14 • 7 is neutral • 0--------------7------------------14 acid neutral bases

  13. Blue Litmus • Red with an acid • Stays blue with base • Red Litmus • Stays red with acid • Blue with a base

  14. pH paper • Red or pink with acid • Blue with a base • Phenolthalein • Acid stays clear • Base turns hot pink

  15. III. Transition Metals *Between Group 3 -12 -properties don’t seem to fit any other -much less reactive -brittle; brightly colored

  16. IV. Nonmetals *Groups 14-18 -Boron Family *Group 13 -3valence e-

  17. -Carbon Family *Group 14 -4 valence e- *Organic compound: anything that contains C

  18. -Nitrogen Family *Group 15 -five e- in outermost nrg level

  19. -Oxygen Family *Group 16 -have six e- in outermost nrg level -oxygen, very reactive and combines with almost every other element(supports combustion)

  20. V. Halogens *Group 17 *Greeks “halogens” = Salt formers -strongly nonmetallic -gain e- and form neg. ions

  21. -most active nonmetals -never found free in nature -7 valence e- -all diatomic elements but not “At”

  22. VI. Noble Gases *Group 18 *Inert: don’t readily combine with other elements https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNaBMvJXdJ4 Video #58 (noble gases-the gases in group 18)

  23. VII. Rare-Earth Elements *Two rows at the bottom of the chart.

  24. 1. First Row *Lanthanoid series: soft, malleable metals, high luster, high conductivity -used to make alloys and high-quality glass

  25. 2. Second Row *Actinoid Series: radioactive, synthetic -best known is uranium