1 / 19

Callie Chatterton

Callie Chatterton. Facts. Located directly behind the forehead Most frequently injured Largest portion of the brain 1/3 of cortical area of cerebral hemisphere Connected to many other portions of the brain. Frontal Lobe. Functions. Frontal lobe is critical in executive roles Goal-setting

arvin
Télécharger la présentation

Callie Chatterton

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Callie Chatterton

  2. Facts • Located directly behind the forehead • Most frequently injured • Largest portion of the brain • 1/3 of cortical area of cerebral hemisphere • Connected to many other portions of the brain

  3. Frontal Lobe

  4. Functions • Frontal lobe is critical in executive roles • Goal-setting • Completion of purposeful activities • Planning • Also plays important role in social behavior • Inhibition • Judgment/insight • Attention

  5. Phineas Gage • Foreman of a track construction gang • Responsible and well-liked by his crew • Building a railroad through Vermont’s Green Mts. • Frontal lobe damage • 13.25 lb, 3.5 ft. tamping iron penetrates brain • Passes from behind the left eye through the top of the head carrying away a substantial part of the frontal lobe

  6. Phineas Gage

  7. Phineas Gage • No immediate problems after incident • Phineas Gage supposedly never lost consciousness and was up and discussing the accident soon after it happened • Did eventually develop a wound infection but recovered quickly and was soon deemed physically able to return to work • “Gage is no longer Gage” • Before the accident he was responsible, caring, and well-behaved in a social setting. • After the accident he became erratic, profane, and impatient

  8. Causes of Injury • Trauma • Blows from the front, back, or side of the head can result in frontal lobe injury • Even injuries not involving the head can cause bruising of the brain (whiplash) • Diseases • Strokes, lesions, meningitis, tumors

  9. Causes of Injury

  10. Consequences of Injury • Three Frontal Lobe syndromes • Orbitofrontal syndrome (lacks inhibition) • Frontal Convexity syndrome (apathetic) • Medial Frontal syndrome (akinetic) • Answer lab assessments correctly but make poor choices in real situations • Tests of perception, construction, language, and spatial attention are unharmed

  11. Three Syndromes • Orbitalfrontal syndrome • Commonly caused by closed-head injury • Characterized by disinhibited, impulsive behavior, difficulty in controlling their emotions, lacking in judgment and are easily distracted • Many patients are incorrectly diagnosed with a personality disorder • Possible link between violent offenders and traumatic brain injury

  12. Three syndromes • Frontal Convexity syndrome • Characterized by disinterest, slowing of the motor functions and apathy • Inability to regulate behavior according to personal goals • Inability to plan ahead, lack of motivation and concern • Generally not caring about the world around them

  13. Three Syndromes • Medial Frontal syndrome • Characterized by occasional mutism, inability to control sexual appetite and akinesia • Loss of sensation in lower extremities as well as weakness also occur • Many patients experience symptoms from each syndrome

  14. Detection • Unless noticeable damage occurs (car accident trauma, etc.) tests are not usually performed • Normal neurological and psychological tests rarely detect any abnormalities • Requires careful observation of previous and current behavior

  15. Tests • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test • Patient sorts cards into one of four piles based on clues from instructor • Stroop Test • Patients must say the color that the word is written in rather than reading the word itself • Rhythm Tapping Test • Patient essentially imitates rhythm that has been tapped to them (easy to difficult)

  16. Rehabilitation • Goal Neglect • Based on the idea that human behavior is controlled by internal demands in response to the environment • Selection of new actions when previously selected actions fail to achieve the goal • Brief auditory stimuli also used • Drug Therapy • Alter the action of the working memory link and dopaminergic system dysfunction

  17. Rehabilitation • Reinforcement • Simple reinforcement and reward techniques • Organizing the executive system • Targeted to specific areas in which the patient has problems

  18. Conclusion • Rehabilitation is difficult • While there are many similar behaviors, each brain injury is different • Individuals without brain damage • Patients with frontal lobe lesions show similar signs to people without any brain damage (irresponsible, immoral, and flippant)

  19. Resources Burgess, P.W. & I. H. Robertson (2002). Principles of the rehabilitation of frontal lobe function. In D.T. Stuss & R.T. Knight Principles of Frontal Lobe Function (pp. 557-570). Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. Mesulam, M.-Marsel (2002). The human frontal lobes: Transcending the default mode through contingent encoding. In D.T. Stuss & R.T. Knight Principles of Frontal Lobe Function (pp. 8-28). Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. Tranel, D. (2002). Emotion, decision making, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In D.T. Stuss & R.T. Knight Principles of Frontal Lobe Function (pp. 338-353). Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.

More Related