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The Ferment of Culture and Reform

The Ferment of Culture and Reform. Religion / Learning / Reform / Science Art / Literature /. Reviving Religion. In 1860 3/4ths of population attended church New Faiths like Unitarians

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The Ferment of Culture and Reform

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  1. The Ferment of Culture and Reform Religion / Learning / Reform / Science Art / Literature /

  2. Reviving Religion • In 1860 3/4ths of population attended church • New Faiths like Unitarians • Christians, and “circuit riders” begin revival meetings during Second Great Awakening to increase parishioners faith • Peter Cartwright and Charle Finney were two famous circuit riders

  3. Denominational Diversity New York with the Puritan crowd known as the “burned over district” Religions split over slavery / women’s rights New Religion was Mormons, started by Joseph Smith, led to Utah over Utah Trail by Brigham Young. Utah becomes a state in 1896.

  4. Free Schools for a Free People • Jacksonian Democracy brings about more discussion about tax supported education. • Horace Mann was “Father of Public Education” • William H. McGuffey readers • Noah Webster’s Dictionary • Colleges were the Ivy League schools and nondenominational UNC / UVA • Troy female Seminary (Emma Willard) and Mount Holyoke (Mary Lyon)

  5. An Age of Reform • Reformers sought to reform tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and other vices • Reformers were for abolitionism and women’s rights • Debtor’s prisons were abolished • Dorothea Dix fought for asylum reform • American Peace Society (William Ladd) advocated an end to wars

  6. Demon Rum • The American Temperance Society against alcohol abuse • Temperance….moderation • Neal S. Dow was the Father of American Prohibition….Maine Laws..stopped distilling and sale of liquor • Ten Nights In a Barroom and What I Saw There….temperance novel about Sam Slade’s tavern

  7. Women in Revolt • The purity of women would guide men and the home. Many women viewed this as second class status. • Home was the center of a women’s world. Women were not in many occupations. Nursing / teaching and “womanly” roles • The Women’s Rights movement was led by Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, (Suzy Bs) , Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Formed NWSA / AWSA and finally NAWSA

  8. First Women’s Rights Convention • Women demanded suffrage • Women’s movement soon took a back seat to abolitionism • Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention of 1848 Issued Declaration of Sentiments (stated all men and women were created equal)…launched modern women’s rights movement

  9. Women Reformers • Elizabeth Blackwell…lady medical doctor • Margaret Fuller..early advocate of sexual liberation • Amelia Bloomer…Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell… first “bloomers” • Grimke sisters… abolitionists

  10. Wilderness UtopiasCommunal Living toward a common goal • Robert Owen founded New Harmony Indiana • Brook Farm Massachusetts emphasized Transcendentalism • Oneida Community in New York…free love / eugenics • Shakers…communistic community founded by Mother Ann Lee

  11. Scientific Achievement • Influential scientists • Benjamin Silliman…chemist • Louis Agassiz….biologist • Asa Gray….botonists • John Audubon….birds

  12. Medicine before Civil War • Deadly diseases • Low life expectancy • Patent medicines…Robertson’s Infallible Worm Destroying Lozenges • Barber = surgeon

  13. National Literature • Federalist Papers / Poor Richard’s Almanac and Thomas Paine’s Common Sense led the way • Knickerbocker group from New York led the way • Washington Irving…Rip Van Winkle , Legend of Sleepy Hollow • James Fenimore Cooper….The Last of the Mohicans • William Cullen Bryant…poet Thanatopsis

  14. Trumpeters of Transcendentalism Thoreau • Search for the “inner light” of truth • Stressed individualism , self reliance and non-conformity • Henry D. Thoreau….Walden or Life In The Woods • Ralph Waldo Emerson …Self Reliance • Thoreau wrote On Civil Disobedience • Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass Emerson

  15. Literary Lights • Henry W. Longfellow…poet “The Song of Hiawatha” • Louisa May Alcott…Little Women • Emily Dickenson..poet • Edgar Allen Poe….The Raven, The Pit and the Pendulum • Herman Melville …Moby Dick • Nathaniel Hawthorne ….The Scarlet Letter

  16. Portrayers of the Past • George Bancroft …. The Father of American History • Francis Parkman …. The Colonial Wars • Patrician school of Early Historians

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