Teaching real estate finance with cases: SUNLIGHT VILLAGE case study

Teaching real estate finance with cases: SUNLIGHT VILLAGE case study Giacomo Morri - Paolo Benedetto presented at the 18th Annual ERES Conference June 15th - 18th, 2011 Eindhoven

Introduction • Purpose of the work • Industry needs • Real estate & Finance • Computer skills • Team working • From theory to practice • Learning by doing • Problem solving skills • Presentation skills

Use of Sunlight Village case study • Different RE finance courses • Master of Science • Master in Real Estate (post experience) • Executive courses for practitioners • Presentation tool only • Class presentation • Spreadsheet creation by the teacher • Exercise & Examination tool • Initial presentation by the teacher • Spreadsheet creation by students • Final class presentation & discussion by students • Valuation by the teacher • Delivery of spreadsheet & PPT solution files for self-assessment

Example of a case studySUNLIGHT VILLAGE

The role of the story • The topic: • Land development, financing & acquisition • Players involved: • Mary Watson  attorney, land owner & seller • Julie Holmes  MD real estate development company & buyer “Mary Watson, a well reputed attorney in a top legal firm, and Julie Holmes, managing director of an international real estate development company, have been friends since they were children. They attended the same schools and they have been playing volleyball in the same team for many years. Later on, even if they went to different universities, respectively studying law and finance, they have always kept in touch and now, that they are older, their daughters are best friends at primary school.”

The object • 10,000sqm plot of land • The bid  €5 million “A few years ago, Mary’s family purchased a 10,000sqm plot of land for €2 million that has recently obtained a building permit for 5,000sqm for residential from the municipality. The family accountant has suggested selling the property for not less than €5 million, but Mary doesn’t trust him too much and she has therefore proposed the deal to Julie, knowing that they might find an agreement which can satisfy both of them.” Seller: Land

Input data – development • Direct construction costs €1,100/sqm • Land drainage €400,000 • Urban land development costs 12% of direct building costs • Other costs as % of the direct building costs: • designing costs 3% • project management 2% • contingency 5% • Development Timing  3 years from 2011 • Sales €3,500/sqm  3 years from 2012 (preliminary contract)

Input data – development Additional operating costs • Annual development management fee: 5% of the GAV WARNING • Marketing fees to enhance the sales: €30,000/year • General administrative costs: €5,000/year (from 2011) • Selling brokerage fees: 2% on the sale price (to be paid at the notary’s deed) WARNING Annual development management fee: 5% of the GAVas % of the GAV is calculated as the sum of all direct and indirect construction costs from the beginning of the project until the end of the construction phase The model has to be set up in order to consider both production and sale phases

Input data – funding issues • Expected equity return 15% • Corporate tax rate 35% • No constant cap capital structure, but structured finance approach: • purchase of the land without recurring to bank debt • capital expenditures financed with debt • no VAT financing • Construction facility financing • loan to cost on CAPEX: 80% • interest rate: 5% • upfront fee: 0.60% over the total amount • Bullet financing with repayment accordingly to the notary’s deed sales (release price 1.00) • VAT rate • 10% on sales and on capex • 20% on all services

Problem solving – investment decisions Two questions arise • Would you buy the land @ €5,000,000? • Just yes or no… and why? • Offering €3,000,000 fixed payment at the beginning, what is the maximum amount of extra return (in %) above a 10% hurdle rate (levered IRR) that can be granted to the seller as deferral payment at the end of the project? • Calculating earn-out without any previous explanation: • Knowledge of financial models • Use of IRR • but no previous theory about earn-out scheme construction

Use of the case studySUNLIGHT VILLAGE

Use of SUNLIGHT VILLAGE case study • Task: Investment valuation, financing & negotiation • Object: Residential development scheme • Main issues: • Investment spreadsheet model for DCF investment Analysis • Project financing approach (equity side) • Students’ task • Case Study Requested Output Take decisions! • Yes or no • Earn out • Complete land development report using DCF (formula working spreadsheet) • Power point presentation • Class presentation

Use of SUNLIGHT VILLAGE case study • Team working • Group composition • Working hours decision (When? Where? How?...) • Data selection • What is really useful? • What is sensitive for the final decision? • Application of finance to real estate • Accounting (P&L - Balance sheet) • Cash flow models (investment, financing, covenants etc.) • Investment criteria (IRR, NPV, PBP etc.) • Practical skills • Use of spreadsheet • Power point presentation • Class presentation & Communication

Use of spreadsheet • Not only finance, but also practical skills with daily tool • more and more companies require people already able to create and properly manage DCF models & presentations • Some major tips to use spreadsheet for case solution • Colors • Cell (data or formula) • Data input & calculation sheet • Output data sheets (for presentation and print) • Data analysis tools: Sensitivity & Goal seek • Tips related to Power Point presentation • Executive summary • Use of attachments • Public speech presentation and complete document

Use of spreadsheet – colors & cells • Yellow cells with blue writing  input data (numbers to be plugged in) • White cells with black writing  calculation (formulas) or output data

Use of spreadsheet – data input & calculation • Data input and calculation formulas all in the same sheet to facilitate computations and links

Use of spreadsheet – output data sheets • Output data separate from input and calculation sheet  If input data changes, output tables and graphs are always ready to be copy-pasted in presentations and reports

Use of spreadsheet – data analysis tools • Tables (1 or 2 entries) • Sensitivity analysis • Graphs

Solving a case studySUNLIGHT VILLAGE example

Solution: main steps • Analysis of the problem • Data preparation • Building, operating and company costs • Work in progress: investment • Accounting • Profit & loss statement – without debt • Unlevered cash flow statement • VAT flows • Bank Financing • Profit & loss statement – with debt • Levered cash flow statement & Investment criteria • Balance sheet • Sensitivity analysis • Deferral payment

Solution – building, operating & company costs DATA PREPARATION

Solution – work in progress: investment DATA PREPARATION

Solution – P&L statement (without debt) Accounting

Solution – unlevered cash flow statement Accounting

Solution – cash in & cash out CHECK

Solution – VAT Accounting

Solution – capex financing FINANCING

Solution – P&L statement (with debt) FINANCING

Solution – levered cash flow statement FINANCING

Solution – cash in & cash out CHECK

Solution – balance sheet BALANCE SHEET

Solution – sensitivity analysis SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

Solution – deferral payment Offering €3,000,000 fixed payment at the beginning, what is the maximum amount of extra return (in %) above a 10% hurdle rate (levered IRR) that can be granted to the seller at the end of the project? The maximum amount that can be granted to the seller at the end of the project is €1,352,287, i.e. 62% extra return DEFERRAL PAYMENT

"In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. But, in practice, there is." Johannes Lambertus Adriana van de Snepscheut (computer scientist and educator) Contacting Author Giacomo Morri, PhDSDA Professor & Director Master in Real Estate Accounting, Control, Corporate Finance & Real Estate Department SDA Bocconi School of ManagementMilan – Italygiacomo.morri@sdabocconi.it www.propertyfinance.it www.sdabocconi.it/mre Giacomo Morri Paolo Benedetto

Teaching real estate finance with cases: SUNLIGHT VILLAGE case study