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Degradation of Hydrocarbon Base Fluids at Elevated Temperatures

This study explores the degradation mechanisms of hydrocarbon base fluids at high temperatures, focusing on chemical reactions, viscosity modeling, and oxidation products. It provides insights into the impacts of oxidation on viscosity and the formation of polar and volatile compounds.

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Degradation of Hydrocarbon Base Fluids at Elevated Temperatures

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  1. The Degradation of Hydrocarbons Base Fluids at Elevated Temperatures STLE 2006: Calgary 7th- 11th May 2006 Moray S. Stark,* John R. Lindsay Smith, Julian J. Wilkinson Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK Department of Chemistry

  2. The Degradation of Hydrocarbons Base Fluids at Elevated Temperatures STLE 2006: Calgary 7th- 11th May 2006 Moray S. Stark,* John R. Lindsay Smith, Julian J. Wilkinson Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK mss1@york.ac.uk www.york.ac.uk/res/gkg

  3. The Degradation of Hydrocarbons Base Fluids at Elevated Temperatures • Chemical Mechanisms of Base Fluid Oxidation • Viscosity Modelling of Oxidised Base Fluid Department of Chemistry

  4. Models of Hydrocarbon Base-Fluids No. of Carbons XHVI™ 8.2 (average)39 (random example) Department of Chemistry

  5. Models of Hydrocarbon Base-Fluids No. of Carbons XHVI™ 8.2 (average)39 Hexadecane 16 (random example) Department of Chemistry

  6. Traditional Alkane Oxidation Mechanism Department of Chemistry

  7. Traditional Alkane Oxidation Mechanism Department of Chemistry

  8. Traditional Alkane Oxidation Mechanism Department of Chemistry

  9. Traditional Alkane Oxidation Mechanism Department of Chemistry

  10. Traditional Alkane Oxidation Mechanism Department of Chemistry

  11. Traditional Alkane Oxidation Mechanism Department of Chemistry

  12. Models of Hydrocarbon Base-Fluids No. of Carbons XHVI™ 8.2 (average)39 Hexadecane 16 (random example) Department of Chemistry

  13. Models of Hydrocarbon Base-Fluids No. of Carbons XHVI™ 8.2 (average)39 Hexadecane 16 Pristane 19 (random example) Department of Chemistry

  14. Models of Hydrocarbon Base-Fluids No. of Carbons XHVI™ 8.2 (average)39 Hexadecane 16 Pristane 19 Squalane 30 (random example) Department of Chemistry

  15. Tertiary Carbons in Base-Fluids S. McKenna, M. Casserino, K. Ratliff, Comparing the Tertiary Carbon Content of PAO’s and Mineral Oils Presentation, STLE Annual Meeting, Houston, 2002

  16. Tertiary Carbons in Base-Fluids S. McKenna, M. Casserino, K. Ratliff, Comparing the Tertiary Carbon Content of PAOs and Mineral Oils Presentation, STLE Annual Meeting, Houston, 2002

  17. Bench-Top Reactors Department of Chemistry

  18. Oxidation of Branched Alkanes : GC Analysis Pristane Oxidation: 1000 mbar O2, 170 ºC, 20 minutes GC conditions: ZB-5 column, 50-340 ºC, 6 ºC min-1 Product Identification: EI-MS and CI-MS time (min) Department of Chemistry

  19. Oxidation of Branched Alkanes : Alcohols e.g. { Department of Chemistry

  20. Oxidation of Pristane : Tertiary Alcohols Department of Chemistry

  21. Oxidation of Pristane : Secondary Alcohols e.g. { Department of Chemistry

  22. Oxidation Products : Alcohols, Pristan-2-ol Department of Chemistry

  23. Oxidation Products : Alcohols, Pristan-6-ol Department of Chemistry

  24. Oxidation Products : Secondary Alcohols e.g. Department of Chemistry

  25. Oxidation Products : Ratio of Alcohols e.g. Department of Chemistry

  26. Oxidation Products : Ratio of Alcohols e.g. Department of Chemistry

  27. Formation of Alcohols Department of Chemistry

  28. Formation of Alcohols Department of Chemistry

  29. Formation of Volatile Products Department of Chemistry

  30. Formation of Volatile Products + + RH Department of Chemistry

  31. Formation of Volatile Products + + RH Department of Chemistry

  32. Formation of Volatile Products + + RH Department of Chemistry

  33. Oxidation of Branched Alkanes : Pristanones e.g. { Department of Chemistry

  34. Formation of Volatile Ketones and Alkanes Department of Chemistry

  35. Formation of Volatile Ketones and Alkanes Department of Chemistry

  36. Formation of Volatile Ketones and Alkanes + Department of Chemistry

  37. Reactions of Alkyl Radicals Department of Chemistry

  38. Reactions of Alkyl Radicals Department of Chemistry

  39. Reactions of Alkyl Radicals Department of Chemistry

  40. Reactions of Alkyl Radicals Department of Chemistry

  41. Reactions of Alkyl Radicals Department of Chemistry

  42. Formation of Volatiles : Lactones { Department of Chemistry

  43. Formation of Volatiles : Lactones { Department of Chemistry

  44. Lubricant Viscosity Increase During Use Paris Taxis Department of Chemistry

  45. Viscosity Increase due to Lubricant Degradation Due to Formation of: • Polar Products Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, etc. • Polymeric Products Dimers, Trimers, etc. of Base Fluid • Insoluble Products Aggregating Particles e.g. Soot, Micelles of Highly Polar Products Department of Chemistry

  46. Viscosity Increase due to Lubricant Degradation Conditions : Pristane (tetramethylpentadecane) Oxidation in Flow Reactor Continuous O2 flow, Sampling at 6 minutes, 150 - 210 ºC Department of Chemistry

  47. Viscosity Modelling : Effect of Polar Products • dodecane - docecanol model mixtures + Department of Chemistry

  48. Viscosity Modelling : Effect of Polar Products • dodecane - docecanol model mixtures + Department of Chemistry

  49. Viscosity Modelling: Effect of Polar Products • dodecane - docecanol model mixtures + Department of Chemistry

  50. Conclusions • Chemical Mechanisms for Formation of • Polar Products • Volatile Products • Viscosity Increase during Lubricant Oxidation NOT due to Polar Oxidation Products Future Work • Quantify Polymeric Products • Examine Consequent Viscosity Change Department of Chemistry

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