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Strength Performer

Strength Performer. Endurance Performer. Games Performer. WADA World Anti-doping Agency. Was she born a great tennis player?. How was Oscar Pistorious supported as an athlete?. ERGOGENIC AIDS. ‘ANY SUBSTANCE OR PHENOMENON THAT ENHANCES PERFORMANCE’. Paula Radcliffe. Categories…….

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Strength Performer

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  1. Strength Performer

  2. Endurance Performer

  3. Games Performer

  4. WADAWorld Anti-doping Agency

  5. Was she born a great tennis player?

  6. How was Oscar Pistorious supported as an athlete?

  7. ERGOGENIC AIDS

  8. ‘ANY SUBSTANCE OR PHENOMENON THAT ENHANCES PERFORMANCE’

  9. Paula Radcliffe

  10. Categories…… • Nutritional Aids • Physiological Aids • Hormonal or Pharmacological • Mechanical Aids • Psychological

  11. Ergogenic Aids

  12. Ergogenic Aids

  13. Terminology • Perceived benefits (advantages) • Associated health risks (disadvantages) • Include comments on how hard/easy illegal aids are to detect as advantages and disadvantages.

  14. Legal or not? Severe health risks ILLEGAL

  15. Notes!

  16. Nutritional Aids Dietary supplements that enhance performance.

  17. Read the information provided and summarise the key points here.

  18. Carbo / Glycogen - loading Nutritional Aid Legal! Effects on performer • Increases glycogen stores in muscles • Increases glycogen synthesis • increases endurance capacity • Delays fatigue • May cause loss of quality in training • Stiffness, fatigue & irritability during depletion stage • May cause water retention and therefore weight gain 7-4 days prior to event : glycogen stores depleted by heavy training and diet low in CHO and high in fat and protein. 4 –1 day(s) prior to event: training tapers off and diet changes to high CHO.

  19. How can an elite or recreational endurance performer increase their CHO stores?

  20. Read the information provided and summarise the key points here.

  21. GI Foods http://www.glycemicindex.com/

  22. Pre Exercise Meals Legal! Nutritional Aid • High CHO meals should be eaten 2 – 4 hours before competition • Glucose 5 minutes before event High Glycaemic Index foods – immediate energy boost Low Glycaemic Index foods – slow release energy Effects on performer • Increases glycogen stores in muscles • If pre event meal is consumed 15 – 45 mins prior to event hypoglycaemia and early exhaustion can occur. Which type of performer may choose to use this ergogenic aid?

  23. Post - Exercise Meals Legal! Nutritional Aid • High CHO meals should be eaten ASAP after competition (within 2 hrs – optimum ‘CHO window’ 45 mins – 1 hour) Effect of performer • Rapid replacement of muscle glycogen stores Which type of performer may choose to use this ergogenic aid?

  24. Fluid / food intake during exercise Recommendation ~500ml 15 minutes prior to performance, ~200ml every 15 minutes during exercise • Hypertonic drinks: High in CHO • Isotonic drinks – Same CHO as blood • Hypotonic drinks – Little CHO • Dextrose, CHO etc Effects on performer • Helps prevent dehydration • Hypo & hyper can helps delay fatigue • Isotonic can maintain levels of electrolytes so muscles function properly • May feel uncomfortable • Gastro problems • Drinking too much can dilute blood sodium levels and induce fatigue (hyponatremia) Which type of performer may choose to use this ergogenic aid? Legal! Losing 2% of your body weight as sweat can impair performance by 10 – 20 %! Nutritional Aid

  25. Homework Part 1 Read and annotate sports drinks information. Part 2 Choose a performer of your choice – Print, cut and stick picture in the middle. Use A3 Poster paper provided – You have to link and apply ways of increasing glucose for your performer. You must include carbohydrate loading, sports drinks, pre exercise meals, post exercise meals and high and Low Glycemic Index foods to your performer. Deadline – Friday 19th June, 2014

  26. Lesson 2

  27. Creatine Supplements Nutritional Aid Legal! Effects on performer: • Increases max & elastic strength • Delays exhaustion of ATP/PC • Allows athlete to work longer at high intensity • Elevates levels of stored PC • Increase weight gain • Increased water retention • Muscle & stomach cramps Ingesting Creatine Monohydrate can increase PC levels in the muscles by 50%. Which type of performer may choose to use this ergogenic aid?

  28. Creatine Supplements ‘I have been taking Maximuscle products for over six years as an important part of my training and balanced diet which, together with my rigorous work in the gym and on the training field, has enabled me to reach and maintain my level of fitness. Maximuscle has significantly helped me in reaching my fitness goals.’ Josh Lewsey MBERugby Player - Wasps, England, British & Irish Lions

  29. Nutritional Aid Caffeine • Addictive! LEGAL under 12 micro grams/ml! Effects on performer • Allows performer to exercise at higher intensity for longer • Stimulates CNS – can improve mental alertness, concentration and reaction time • Increases HR and Bp • Delays fatigue/reduces feeling of tiredness – by promoting release of adrenaline • Promotes glycogen sparing by metabolising more fatty acids • Diuretic • Increases risk of dehydration  • Can disturb sleep • Can cause feeling of anxiety • Muscle and abdominal cramps Banned by WADA until 2004! What type of performer would this aid benefit?

  30. Alcohol Legality is at the discretion of individual Governing Bodies! Nutritional Aid Effects on performer • Calming / relaxing affect in small amounts • Enhances self confidence • Reduces pain • Reduces muscle temor • Loss of co-ordination • Loss of balance • Loss of agility • Slows down reaction time • Negatively affects your judgement • Loss of fluid through urination (diuretic) (dehydration) • Long term – liver damage What type of performer would this aid benefit?

  31. Description • Legality? • What sports are they banned in? • How it is taken? • What type of athlete/event might it benefit? Explain • Perceived Benefits? • Associated Health Risks?

  32. Anabolic Steroids http://www.uk.tlc.com/shows/jodie-marsh-on-steroids/

  33. Hormonal/Pharmacological Aids Man made drugs that enhance the levels of hormones and neural transmitters in the body .

  34. Anabolic Steroids Illegal! Hormonal/ Pharmacological Aids Effects on performer • Develops muscle mass • Develops strength • Allows athletes to train harder for longer • Facilitates recovery • Causes damage to the muscles & skeleton • Increases risk of Heart disease • Causes liver damage • Causes hormonal disturbances in males and female • Increased aggression and mood swings Many tests available for detection. New ‘designer’ constantly being developed Advantages or disadvantages?

  35. Anabolic Steroids http://www.uk.tlc.com/shows/jodie-marsh-on-steroids/

  36. Hormonal/ Pharmacological Aids Human Growth Hormone Stimulates cell production and regeneration of cells in humans. Illegal! Effects on performer • Increase in muscle mass & strength • Decrease in body fat as it used to produce energy. • Increase in bone density • Aids muscle growth • Facilitates healing after injury to muscles & bones • Abnormal development of bone and muscle • Raises blood pressure • Enlarges internal organs • Causes heart disease & cancer • Causes muscle and joint weakness Difficult to detect! Which type of performer may choose to use this ergogenic aid? The body’s natural growth hormone is produced in the pituitary gland and is responsible for the growth of muscle, cartilage and bone.

  37. Traditional Urine analysis in the 1980’s and 1990’s could not detect HGH. • Governing bodies and the WADA could not enforce this until the early 2000’s when blood tests could distinguish between normal HGH levels and high HGH levels. • Greece 2004 Olympics Drug Testing focussed on high HGH levels. • Hormone that produces growth by affecting the cells.

  38. Illegal! Amphetamines (Stimulant) Hormonal/ Pharmacological Aids Effects on performer  • Addictive • Enhance speed and strength • Delays fatigue • Increases Heart Rate • Stimulates CNS • Redistributes blood to skeletal muscle • Stresses CV system • Allows athletes to push dangerously beyond their limits What type of performer would this aid benefit?

  39. Lance Armstrong – Oprah Winfrey Interview “I used performance enhancing drugs which included testosterone, human growth hormone and blood transfusions to excel in the highly competitive world of cycling.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxkULBtpF3s

  40. July 2013 Article • Athletics does not need reminding of the needle and the damage done. It has 25 years of scabs and scars that show it. Ever since Ben Johnson's stanozolol-fuelled body shattered the 100m world record at the Seoul Olympics in 1988 – and the reputation of the sport shortly thereafter – athletics has been fighting on two fronts: against the dopers and their often undetectable drugs, and the seepage in the public's trust. • Last Sunday's positive tests for Tyson Gay and Asafa Powell, the second and fourth fastest 100m runners of all time, merely added to this tale of ennui: a dispiriting sense that athletes need not just God-given genetics and hard work to succeed but an expert chemist too. • Ato Boldon, a four-time Olympic medallist, has even called for stimulants to be legalised – with steroids, human growth hormone and blood doping remaining banned – warning that athletics "was not even bleeding any more. We have to get out the paddles because we have to be resuscitated now."

  41. Recent Advances in Pharmacological Aids • Synthetic peptide AOD9604 Mimics a section of the growth hormone molecule. Increases fat metabolism and lowers fat production, increases muscle mass and can possibly help heal cartilage damage. • Colostrum Mother's milk. While not directly banned, colostrum could stimulate insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) secretion. IGF-1 is banned. • Hexarelin Boosts the body's production of its own human growth hormone and, in so doing, may help increase muscle mass and strength. Banned by Wada. • Oxilofrine Amphetamine-like stimulant thought to boost adrenaline, enhance endurance, focus, alertness and heart rate as well as increase oxygenation of the blood.

  42. Critically evaluate Anabolic steroids as an ergogenic aid? (6 marks) Discuss the impact of a performer using Human Growth Hormone to enhance performance? (6 marks)

  43. Homework Research 3 athletes from any sport who have used the following. Describe what happened, the perceived benefits to their performance, the associated health risks. • Creatine Monohydrate in their diet • An athlete who has been caught using anabolic steroids. • An athlete who has been caught for ingesting too much caffeine in their diet.

  44. Homework Create a video in pairs which is meant for a governing body of your choice describing and highlighting the impact of three hormonal ergogenic aids. (The ones we have covered today). • Please use props • Describe how each one works • Evaluate each aid and highlight at least 4 positives and negatives of each one. • The video must be at least 3 minutes long. Save the video on a USB or bring your phone cable in so I can gather the videos together. DEADLINE – Monday 7th July, 2014

  45. Physiological Aids Aids that enhance the physiological adaptive responses of the body .

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