Janet Belsky’s Experiencing the Lifespan, 2e

1. Janet Belsky’sExperiencing the Lifespan, 2e Chapter 7 Settings for Development: Home and School Meredyth Fellows, West Chester University of PA

2. Types of Families • ______________ • Consists of father, a mother and their children • These families are declining in recent years • Extended Family • Consists of one person, a possible mate, possible children they have, and other relatives that live in the household or adjacent home

3. Types of Families • ______________Family • One parent and 1 or more children • Parent may or may not have been married • Drastic increases in the number of these families • 83% maintained by mothers • 17% maintained by fathers • Children more likely to live below the poverty line • Children more likely to demonstrate emotional or behavioral problems • _________________________performance

4. Types of Families • Blended Family • Forms when widowed or divorced person with or without children remarries another person who may or may have been married before, and may or may not have children • When children are involved from a former marriage a _____________is formed • Approximately 83% of adult men remarry • Approximately 76% of adult women remarry • 16% percent of American children live in step families • Can you think of issues this family may have?

5. Types of Families • Bi Nuclear • Original family divided into two by divorce or separation • Broken into paternal nuclear family and maternal nuclear family • _______________ • Sadness • Guilt __________________________________ • Delinquency • Preoccupation with reconciliation • Further studies needed for long term outcomes • Can you think of other issues relevant in divorce and bi nuclear families?

6. Types of Families • Gay or Lesbian Family • Consists of two people of same sex who live together, with children • Most studies have found that outcomes for children of gay and lesbian parents are no better and no worse than for other children • Further research is necessary as new waves of children have grown up in gay or lesbian families

8. Baumrind’s Parenting Styles • Authoritative • ____________ • Permissive • _____________________________

9. Parenting Styles • Authoritarian • Emphasize obedience • Use force • Restrict autonomy • __________________________and often come from homes with similar parenting styles • Outcomes • Withdrawn • Fearful children • Hostile • Irritable • Angry • Overly aggressive

10. Parenting Styles • Permissive • Few boundaries • Limited ____________ • No shaping of behavior • Indulgent of behavior • Outcomes • Rebelliousness • Self indulgent • Aggressive • impulsive

11. Parenting Styles • Authoritative • Direct activities in a rational manner • __________________ • Exert control when needed • Needs and interests are respected • Outcomes • Social competency • Self reliant • Self controlled

13. Role Plays • Lets role play some parenting scenarios • Don’t be shy • Volunteers • Display Authoritative, Permissive, and Authoritarian parenting

14. Critiquing Baumrind’s Parenting Styles • Each parent may adopt a different discipline style • Key is to “agree to disagree” • Do not argue in the presence of the child • Parenting involves more than providing _____________________ • Teach values, help with homework, arrange after-school activities

15. Do Parents Matter? • Questioning Baumrind’s correlations: behavior geneticists argue— • “Easy” child may evoke authoritative parents (temperament drives parenting style) • Warm, loving parents may pass on the “warm, loving” genetic predispositions

16. Corporal Punishment Debate • Against the law in most E.U. countries • U.S., most believe spanking acceptable • Spanking peaks in preschool • Some parents use more severe practices • Psychologists split about this issue

18. Categories Physical Neglect ___________ Sexual Risk Factors Parent personality issues Life stress Child Characteristics Mandated Reporters Child Abuse/Maltreatment

19. Interventions: Child Abuse • Report suspected abuse to child protection services • ________________________ • Options • Remove child from home; place in foster care; limit or terminate parental rights • Leave child in home while providing intensive support and counseling to caregivers

20. Divorce • Global studies: children of divorce are more at risk for _____________________________________________________________________ • Contributing Factors • Economic stresses of single- parent household • Difficulties and transitions experienced both prior to and during divorce

21. Divorce: Interventions

23. School: Socioeconomic Status and School Readiness • At right, kindergartners’ scores on tests of readiness for reading and math • Economic status has strong influence on children’s readiness and chances for academic success at start of school careers.

24. Bell-Shaped Curve: WISC • 68% (68th percentile) scores between 85 & 115 • 95.44% scores between 70 & 130 • _________= 130, 98th percentile, top 2% for age • _____________= 70 (if other behaviors warrant this designation)

25. Successful Schools • Teachers serving disadvantaged children are beating the odds: • _______________________________ • Believe students can succeed • Offer excess of nurture to both students and teachers • Have defined, structured priorities • ________________________________