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Muslims Had an Advanced Civilization

Muslims Had an Advanced Civilization. The caliph was at first elected, but later became a hereditary position. The Muslim empire broke up into three caliphates , Cairo, Baghdad, and Cordova. The Arabs traded throughout Asia, Africa and parts of Europe. The Muslim Economy and Society.

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Muslims Had an Advanced Civilization

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  1. Muslims Had an Advanced Civilization • The caliph was at first elected, but later became a hereditary position. • The Muslim empire broke up into three caliphates, Cairo, Baghdad, and Cordova. • The Arabs traded throughout Asia, Africa and parts of Europe.

  2. The Muslim Economy and Society • The Muslim Empire produced silk, cotton, and linen textiles. • Jewelry, perfumes, spices, objects made of gold, silver, and copper. Swords from Damascus and Toledo. • Pottery, glassware and the finest leather goods from Cordova and Tangier. • In the Muslim family the father was the head of the family. Women had to obey and marriages were arranged by parents.

  3. Muslim Society • The Groom gave his bride a sadaq or mahr or a special marriage gift, ( a dower). • Women could be educated and own property. Infant girls could not be killed, and a woman had to be supported even in divorce. • The mosque, family and schools all educated Muslims. Education based on the Qur’an.

  4. Art, Science, and Mathematics • Islamic law prohibited the use of the human form.Calligraphy and geometric design flourished. • The Muslim empire took ideas from Greek, Roman, and Asian culture. Astrolabe to calculate latitude. They learned paper making. • Rhazes wrote about small pox, surgery, etc. Avicenna wrote Canon of Medicine. Averroes wrote philosophy.

  5. Art, Science, and Mathematics • Arabs developed Algebra or the reunion of broken parts. Muslims spread the number system and invented the concept of zero. • Arab geographers explored the world and made accurate maps. • Europeans came into contact with Arab learning through Spain and through the Crusades. The Great Era of Muslim Culture was between 700 - 1000 A.D.

  6. The Turks • In the late 900s the Seljuk Turks migrated to Baghdad. They converted to Islam and took large parts of the Byzantine Empire. • The first half of the 1300s the Ottoman Turks came to power and established a capital at Adrianople. • The Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453. • The Ottomans allowed millets or independent non Muslim communities.

  7. The Janissaries • The Ottomans used slaves in the army or Janissaries. • The Janissaries became the bodyguards to the sultans or Turkish rulers. • The Janissaries became powerful and like the Praetorian Guard in Rome, they control the government at times in Ottoman history. • The Ottomans Empire lasts into the 20th century.

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