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Muslims in World Civilization

The Muslim civilization has made significant contributions throughout history, particularly in fields such as optics, mathematics, and medicine. Key cities like Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba emerged as centers of trade and scholarship, fostering knowledge in philosophy, astronomy, and zoology. Renowned scholars, including Al-Kwarizmi and Ibn Sina, advanced mathematics and medicine, while innovations in literature, arts, and technology enriched cultural life. This exploration reveals how Islamic intellectual pursuits laid the groundwork for modern disciplines and shaped our understanding of the world.

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Muslims in World Civilization

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  1. Muslims in World Civilization

  2. Optics Mathematics Medicine Literature Arts Games Cities Scholarship Zoology Astronomy Irrigation Geography Topics

  3. Cities & Architecture • Baghdad: center of trade & learning • Cairo: university • Cordoba: largest city in the west • Mosques: place of worship

  4. Scholarship & Learning • Schools & libraries • House of Wisdom • Translated Greek books into Arabic • Philosophy & religion compared reason & revelation

  5. Zoology • Dissection & anatomy of animals • Al-Jahiz: animals adapt to their environment (evolution) • Al-Damiri: encyclopedia • Zoos

  6. Astronomy • Mapped the stars • Improved the astrolabe • Rotation of the earth • Sun-centered universe

  7. Irrigation Technology • Underground well • Underground aqueduct • Waterwheel to pump water

  8. Map making Travel writing Calculated the circumference of the earth Al-Biruni used latitude & longitude to measure the earth. He theorized that the earth spins on its axis. Geography

  9. Mirrors for reflection & refraction Structure of the eye Eye surgery Early lenses Al-Haitham built a pinhole camera to model the eye. Optics

  10. Mathematics Al-Kwarizmi: • Zero • Arabic (Indian) numbers • Long division • Algebra Al-Battani: • Trig: ratios of triangles Al-Kwarizmi

  11. Medicine • Hospitals • Medical textbooks • Studied diseases • Surgery • Stitches • Casts • Pharmacies: • Antiseptics • Anesthesia Al-Razi: “Allah has provided a cure for every disease.”

  12. Some Famous Doctors • Al-Razi studied how disease is spread by contact. • Al-Zahrawi invented surgical instruments. • Ibn Sina wrote The Canon of Medicine.

  13. Literature • Paper making • Book making • Poetry by Khayyam, Rumi • Metaphor and imagery • Stories

  14. Arts • Geometric patterns • Arabesque florals • Calligraphy • Fine textiles • Guitar

  15. Games • Chess • Backgammon • Polo

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