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1. HIS103 World Civilization Class 2 - Chapter 1
The Ancient Near East:
The First Civilizations
2. Culture: Paleolithic: Magdalenian period
Title: Chinese Horse, detail of mural from the Axial Gallery at Lascaux
Date: ca. 15,000-13,000 B.C.E.
Location: Lascaux, Dordogne, France
Material: paint on limestone
Measurements: L. 56"
Related Item: Adams AAT: 2.11
Related Item: Gardner 10: 1-5
Collection: Art History Survey Collection
Source: Catalogued by: Digital Library Federation Academic Image CooperativeCulture: Paleolithic: Magdalenian period
Title: Chinese Horse, detail of mural from the Axial Gallery at Lascaux
Date: ca. 15,000-13,000 B.C.E.
Location: Lascaux, Dordogne, France
Material: paint on limestone
Measurements: L. 56"
Related Item: Adams AAT: 2.11
Related Item: Gardner 10: 1-5
Collection: Art History Survey Collection
Source: Catalogued by: Digital Library Federation Academic Image Cooperative
3. Unless otherwise noted, all references to Jackson J. Spielvogels Western Civilization (7th edition) will be in the same sequence as written in the book. Page references (in parentheses) will probably be found earlier in previous editions. The Hunter-Gatherers of Old Stone Age (pg 2)
First humans do not grow crops, raise animals
Early developments...
Creation of constructed shelter
Discovery and uses of fire
Development of tools
4. The Neolithic Revolution.... (pg 4) Agricultural Revolution
Consequences... (pg 5)
Fixed dwellings (for homes, storage)
domesticated animals
Leads to trade, specialization and division of labor
Men holding power (via importance? and/or violence?)
5. Later developments.... Writing (concrete terms, numbers)
Use of new metals (including alloys)
wealth ===> armies, walled cities
6. The Emergence of Civilization (pg 6) Characteristics of civilization....
Urban focus
Distinct religious structure
New political, military structures
New social structure
Further development of writing
Artistic, intellectual activity
7. Culture: Mesopotamian
Title: Striding Lion; detail showing the forepart
Date: 1st half of the 6th century BCE
Material: glazed brick
Measurements: height 105 cm
Style Period: Neo-Babylonian; from the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II
Description: from the Processional Way, Babylon
Repository: Muse du Louvre
Collection: Italian and other European Art (Scala Archives)
Source: Image and original data provided by SCALA, Florence/ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Source: http://www.artres.com/c/htm/Home.aspx
Source: http://www.scalarchives.com
Rights: (c) 2006, SCALA, Florence / ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Rights: Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. While ARTstor tries to update contact information, it cannot guarantee that such information is always accurate. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility.Culture: Mesopotamian
Title: Striding Lion; detail showing the forepart
Date: 1st half of the 6th century BCE
Material: glazed brick
Measurements: height 105 cm
Style Period: Neo-Babylonian; from the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II
Description: from the Processional Way, Babylon
Repository: Muse du Louvre
Collection: Italian and other European Art (Scala Archives)
Source: Image and original data provided by SCALA, Florence/ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Source: http://www.artres.com/c/htm/Home.aspx
Source: http://www.scalarchives.com
Rights: (c) 2006, SCALA, Florence / ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Rights: Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. While ARTstor tries to update contact information, it cannot guarantee that such information is always accurate. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility.
8. Where did civilizations emerge? Mesopotamia (Tigris - Euphrates Rivers) (modern _____ ?)
Egypt (Nile River)
India (Indus River, or Harappan, civilization)
China (the Yellow a.k.a. Yangtze a.k.a. Chang Jiang River)
Central Asia (Turkmenistan / Uzbekistan)
Peru (Supe River)
9. Civilization in Mesopotamia (pg 7) Tigris - Euphrates floods unpredictable, potentially catastrophic
Solution: large-scale irrigation
walled cities (empires / wars)
most prominent building = ziggurat = temple
divine kings
primarily agricultural (90% of people farm) but
commerce, industry become important
10. Title: Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon; reverse
Work Type: epigraphy
Date: 1792-1750 BCE
Material: engraved black basalt
Measurements: height 225 cm
Description: From Susa.
Repository: Muse du Louvre, inv. Sb 8.
Collection: Art, Archaeology and Architecture (Erich Lessing Culture and Fine Arts Archives)
ID Number: 08-02-04/45
Source: Image and original data provided by Erich Lessing Culture and Fine Arts Archives/ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Source: http://www.artres.com/c/htm/Home.aspx
Source: http://www.artres.com/c/htm/TreePfLight.aspx?ID=LES
Rights: Photo Credit: Erich Lessing/ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Rights: Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. While ARTstor tries to update contact information, it cannot guarantee that such information is always accurate. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility.Title: Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon; reverse
Work Type: epigraphy
Date: 1792-1750 BCE
Material: engraved black basalt
Measurements: height 225 cm
Description: From Susa.
Repository: Muse du Louvre, inv. Sb 8.
Collection: Art, Archaeology and Architecture (Erich Lessing Culture and Fine Arts Archives)
ID Number: 08-02-04/45
Source: Image and original data provided by Erich Lessing Culture and Fine Arts Archives/ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Source: http://www.artres.com/c/htm/Home.aspx
Source: http://www.artres.com/c/htm/TreePfLight.aspx?ID=LES
Rights: Photo Credit: Erich Lessing/ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Rights: Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. While ARTstor tries to update contact information, it cannot guarantee that such information is always accurate. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility.
11. Civilization in Mesopotamia (continued) I would look at (wink! wink!) Code of Hammurabi (listing question...)
Religion polytheistic (based on fear of nature?); included divination
Already present....
Literature (The Epic of Gilgamesh)
Mathematics (based on 60)
Astronomy (calendar)
12. Creator: Frith, Francis., English.
Title: The Great Pyramid and the Great Sphinx, from the southwest, from: Egypt, Sinai and Jerusalem: A Series of Twenty Photographic Views
Title: Variant title: Great Sphynx and Great Pyramid, Geezeh
Title: Egypt, Sinai, and Jerusalem : a series of twenty photographic views.
Title: Variant title: Great Pyramid and the Sphinx.
Title: Variant title: Sphynx and Great Pyramid.
Work Type: Photographs.
Work Type: Albumen prints.
Date: ca. 1860.
Material: albumen silver print from glass negative
Measurements: sheet: 53.3 x 73.6 cm. ; image: 38.4 x 49.2 cm.
Description: In: Egypt, Sinai, and Jerusalem : a series of twenty photographic views / Francis Frith ; with descriptions by Mrs. Poole and Reginald Stuart Poole. -- London : William Mackenzie,[1860?] -- [21] leaves, [20] leaves of plates : ill. ; 76 cm
Repository: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute. Dept. of Prints, Drawings and Photographs.
Repository: Williamstown, Mass.
Repository: 1998.42.3.17.
Repository: http://www.clarkart.edu
Subject: Photography, English--19th century.
Subject: Travel.
Subject: Great Pyramid (Egypt)
Subject: Great Sphinx (Egypt)
Subject: Middle East.
Subject: Egypt--Antiquities.
Collection: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute Collection
Collection: Formerly in The AMICO Library
Source: Data From: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute
Rights: This image was provided by Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute. Contact information: Mattie Kelley, Registrar, Clark Art Institute, 225 South Street, Williamstown, MA 01267, (413) 458-0662 (ph), (413) 458-5902 (fax), mkelley@clarkart.edu.
Rights: Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. While ARTstor tries to update contact information, it cannot guarantee that such information is always accurate. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility.Creator: Frith, Francis., English.
Title: The Great Pyramid and the Great Sphinx, from the southwest, from: Egypt, Sinai and Jerusalem: A Series of Twenty Photographic Views
Title: Variant title: Great Sphynx and Great Pyramid, Geezeh
Title: Egypt, Sinai, and Jerusalem : a series of twenty photographic views.
Title: Variant title: Great Pyramid and the Sphinx.
Title: Variant title: Sphynx and Great Pyramid.
Work Type: Photographs.
Work Type: Albumen prints.
Date: ca. 1860.
Material: albumen silver print from glass negative
Measurements: sheet: 53.3 x 73.6 cm. ; image: 38.4 x 49.2 cm.
Description: In: Egypt, Sinai, and Jerusalem : a series of twenty photographic views / Francis Frith ; with descriptions by Mrs. Poole and Reginald Stuart Poole. -- London : William Mackenzie,[1860?] -- [21] leaves, [20] leaves of plates : ill. ; 76 cm
Repository: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute. Dept. of Prints, Drawings and Photographs.
Repository: Williamstown, Mass.
Repository: 1998.42.3.17.
Repository: http://www.clarkart.edu
Subject: Photography, English--19th century.
Subject: Travel.
Subject: Great Pyramid (Egypt)
Subject: Great Sphinx (Egypt)
Subject: Middle East.
Subject: Egypt--Antiquities.
Collection: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute Collection
Collection: Formerly in The AMICO Library
Source: Data From: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute
Rights: This image was provided by Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute. Contact information: Mattie Kelley, Registrar, Clark Art Institute, 225 South Street, Williamstown, MA 01267, (413) 458-0662 (ph), (413) 458-5902 (fax), mkelley@clarkart.edu.
Rights: Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. While ARTstor tries to update contact information, it cannot guarantee that such information is always accurate. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility.
13. Egyptian Civilization (pg 18) Geography
Nile flooding gradual, predictable (irrigation required was less massive)
Nile flows north, winds blow south...
Egypt isolated: protected by
deserts (to east and west)
cataracts (south)
Mediterranean Sea (north)
14. Culture: Egyptian
Title: Tutankhamun's throne from Thebes
Work Type: throne
Date: c. 1333-1324 BCE
Style Period: New Kingdom
Repository: Egyptian Museum of Cairo
Collection: Italian and other European Art (Scala Archives)
Source: Image and original data provided by SCALA, Florence/ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Source: http://www.artres.com/c/htm/Home.aspx
Source: http://www.scalarchives.com
Rights: (c) 2006, SCALA, Florence / ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Rights: Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. While ARTstor tries to update contact information, it cannot guarantee that such information is always accurate. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility.Culture: Egyptian
Title: Tutankhamun's throne from Thebes
Work Type: throne
Date: c. 1333-1324 BCE
Style Period: New Kingdom
Repository: Egyptian Museum of Cairo
Collection: Italian and other European Art (Scala Archives)
Source: Image and original data provided by SCALA, Florence/ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Source: http://www.artres.com/c/htm/Home.aspx
Source: http://www.scalarchives.com
Rights: (c) 2006, SCALA, Florence / ART RESOURCE, N.Y.
Rights: Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. While ARTstor tries to update contact information, it cannot guarantee that such information is always accurate. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility.
15. Egyptian Civilization (continued) Two most important sources of life for average Egyptian:
Nile
Pharaoh
No separate word for religion b/c it was inseparable from world order
Pyramids were tombs for
mummified pharaohs
wives and family
officials, nobles (nearby)
16. Egyptian Civilization (continued some more!) Egyptian art functional, religious
writing = hieroglyphics = priest carvings
Daily life in ancient Egypt
monogamy general rule
womens property, inheritances remained theirs (some operated businesses)
marriages were arranged
divorce allowed, w/ compensation for wife... adultery severely punished
17. On the Fringes of Civilization (pg 32) Major nomadic movements started around 2000 B.C.E....