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Integrated Disease Management

Integrated Disease Management. An Introduction to Fungicides – Part 1. Knowledge Requirements. When you complete this section, you should be able to answer these questions. What is integrated pest management (IPM)? What is integrated disease management (IDM)?

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Integrated Disease Management

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  1. Integrated Disease Management An Introduction to Fungicides – Part 1

  2. Knowledge Requirements When you complete this section, you should be able to answer these questions • What is integrated pest management (IPM)? • What is integrated disease management (IDM)? • What is a disease management triangle? • What are fungicides? • Why are fungicides important? • How are fungicides named? • What is meant by a fungicide formulation?

  3. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Simultaneous use of multiple pest management strategies leading to suppression of adverse affects caused by a pest and, frequently but not always, a reduction in the pest population.

  4. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an umbrella term encompassing the following: Integrated Disease Management Integrated Weed Management Integrated Rodent Management Integrated Insect Management

  5. In this course we’re interested in: Integrated Disease Management IDM Simultaneous use of multiple disease management strategies leading to suppression of disease incidence or severity and, occasionally, a reduction in the pathogen population.

  6. The Disease Triangle – The Starting Point for IDM Pathogen Host Disease Environment

  7. Integrated Disease Management IDM can be conceptualized as an ‘attack on’ or a ‘manipulation of’ each side of the Disease Triangle Disease

  8. Disease Management Triangle The pathogen side of the Disease Triangle can be attacked or manipulated by the application of fungicides Fungicides Disease Management

  9. Disease Management Triangle The host side of the Disease Triangle can be attacked or manipulated by by planting disease resistant species or cultivarsof plants and by by changing the nutritional status of plants through fertilizer applications. Host Resistance to Disease Fungicides Host Nutrition Disease Management

  10. Disease Management Triangle The environment side of the Disease Triangle can be attacked or manipulated by changing agricultural or horticultural practices (cultivation, irrigation, soil pH manipulation etc.) Host Resistance Fungicides Host Nutrition Disease Management Environmental Manipulation

  11. Disease Management Triangle In order to utilize IDM, a basic understanding of each component of the Disease Management Triangle is required. Fungicides will be considered first. Host Resistance Fungicides Host Nutrition Disease Management Environmental Manipulation

  12. An Introduction to Fungicides 1. What are fungicides? 2. Why are fungicides important? 3. How are individual fungicides named? 4. What are fungicide formulations? 5. How are groups of fungicides classified? 6. Preventive vs. curative control

  13. What are fungicides? Fungicides are either chemicals or biological agents that inhibitthe growth of fungi. Modern fungicides do not kill fungi, they simply inhibit growth for a period of days or weeks.

  14. What are fungicides? Fungicides inhibit the growth of fungi. Fungicides are part of a larger group of chemicals or agents called pesticides.

  15. What are fungicides? Fungicides inhibit the growth of fungi. Fungicides are part of larger group of chemicals or agents called pesticides. Pesticides are chemicals or agents that kill or inhibit the growth of pests (eg. weeds, insects, fungi, rodents, etc.).

  16. Examples of Pesticides: HERBICIDES INSECTICIDES RODENTICIDES FUNGICIDES

  17. How are fungicides named?

  18. How are fungicides named? Every fungicide has three names: 1. Trade name (name selected by producer to aid in promotion and sales) 2. Chemical name (name of the active ingredient – the part of a fungicide that inhibits the growth of fungi) 3. Generic or common name (abbreviated name of the active ingredient)

  19. Some Turf Fungicide Trade Names Alamo, Aliette, Alude,Armada,Banol, Banner MAXX, Bayleton, Chipco 26GT, Chipco Signature, Cleary’s 3336, Chlorstar, Compass, Concord,ConSyst,Curalan, Daconil, Disarm, Dithane,Duosan, Eagle, Echo 720, Emerald, Endorse, Fenox, Fluid Fungicide, Fore, Fungo,Headway,Heritage, Immunox, Insignina,Instrata, Iprodione Pro,Junction, Koban, Lesco 18Plus, Lynx, Magellan, Manicure,Manhandle, Mancozeb, Medallion, PCNB, Pentathlon, Prodigy, Propiconazole Pro, Prostar, Resyst, Revere, Rubigan, Savvi, Segway, Signature, Spectator,Spectro, Spotrete, Subdue MAXX,Stellar,Systar, Systec, Systhane, Tartan, T-Storm, Terraclor, Teremec SP, Terraneb, Terrazole,Tartan, Thalonil, Thiram, Touche, Triton, Trinity, Turfcide,Twosome, Vital, Vorlan

  20. What’s in a name? Trade names don’t tell us much about a product. In fact, they can be confusing. Several products with different Trade Names may actually contain the same active ingredients. For example, …

  21. Fungicide Trade NamesActive Ingredient Echo 720 Daconil Ultrex Daconil 2787 Manicure Thalonil Chlostar Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil)

  22. What’s in a name? Trade names don’t tell us much about a product. In fact, they can be confusing. Several products with different Trade Names may actually contain the same active ingredient. For example, … While some products with different Trade Names have different active ingredients. For example, …

  23. Three fungicides with different Active Ingredients. CHEMICAL NAME TRADE NAME(active ingredient) Daconil Ultrex tetracholoroisoph- thalonitrile Cleary’s 3336 dimethyl 4, 4-o- phenylenebis- (3-thioallophanate) Prostar N-3-(1-methyleth- oxy) phenyl-2-(tri- fluoromethyl) ben- zamide

  24. From the previous slide, you can see that the chemical names of active ingredients are long and confusing. Because of this, chemical companies have developed abbreviated chemcial names – these are known as the generic or common names of fungicides For example, …

  25. GENERIC NAME CHEMICAL NAME (abbreviated TRADE NAMEactive ingredient)(active ingredient) Daconil Ultrex chlorothalonil tetracholoroisoph- thalonitrile Cleary’s 3336 thiophanate-methyl dimethyl 4, 4-o- phenylenebis- (3-thioallophanate) Prostar flutolanil N-3-(1-methyleth- oxy) phenyl-2-(tri- fluoromethyl) ben- zamide

  26. TRADE NAMEActive Ingredient Echo 720 Daconil Ultrex Daconil 2787 Manicure Thalonil Chlostar chemical name of active ingredient Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil) common or generic name of active ingredient

  27. Fungicide trade names may come and go, but common or generic names are universally recognized. It is important to become familiar with the common or generic names (i.e. active ingredients) of turfgrass fungicides. Although there are more than 100 fungicide Trade Names, there are only 29 active ingredients that are registered for use as turf fungicides in the U.S. Therefore, ‘Buyer Beware’ – Fungicides sold under different Trade Names may not necessarily be different.

  28. Active Ingredients (29) in Turf Fungicides vinclozolin mefenoxam propamocarb fosetyl aluminum phosphonate PCNB chloroneb etridiazole mancozeb thiram hydrogen dioxide chlorothalonil fludioxonil cyazofamid propiconazole triadimefonm myclobutanil fenarimol triticonazole tetraconazole fluoxastrobin trifloxystrobin azoxystrobin pyraclostrobin flutolanil boscalid polyoxin D thiophanate-methyl iprodione

  29. In addition to an active ingredient all fungicides contain inert ingredients. Inert ingredients do not inhibit fungi. They enhance the effectiveness of the active ingredient.

  30. Examples of inert ingredients: Carriers – materials (clays, oils, organic matter) to which active ingredients are chemically attached. Carriers help to deliver the active ingredient to the plant surface. Antiprecipitants – Chemicals that suppress precipitation of fungicides in spray tanks. Antifoam agents – Chemicals that suppress foam from developing in spray tanks. Wetting agents – Chemicals that decrease the surface tension of water to help spread carriers and active ingredients over leaves and other plant surfaces. Sticking agents – Chemicals that help secure carriers and active ingredients to plant surfaces.

  31. The way in which active and inert ingredients are put together is known as the fungicide formulation.

  32. FUNGICIDE FORMULATIONS 1. WP - Wettable Powder - active and inert ingredients are applied to finely ground clay (talc). 2. F - Flowable - water is added to a wettable powder to produce a thick suspension. 3. DG - Dispersible Granule WDG – Water Dispersible Granule DF – Dry Flowable - a flowable is dried and extruded into pellets (granules).

  33. FUNGICIDE FORMULATIONS 4. G - Granular - active ingredient is applied to organic matter or vermiculite for application with a fertilizer spreader. 5. WSP - water soluble package WSB - water soluble bag - a wettable powder or dispersible granual is placed in a bag that dissolves in water. 6. ME – mico-emulsion – active ingredient is mixed with an oil-based product. The oil surrounds each molecule of active ingredient.

  34. End of IDM – Intro to Turfgrass Fungicides Part 1

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