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Understanding Metabolism and Energy Transformation in Biological Systems

Discover the intricacies of catabolic and anabolic pathways, energy types, laws of thermodynamics, free energy, ATP cycles, and enzyme functions.

athena-thompson
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Understanding Metabolism and Energy Transformation in Biological Systems

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 8 An Introduction To Metabolism

  2. Metabolism

  3. Catabolic Pathways

  4. Anabolic Pathways

  5. Energy

  6. Kinetic Energy

  7. Potential Energy

  8. Activation Energy Activation Energy Potential Energy

  9. Energy Transformation • .

  10. 1st Law of Thermodynamics

  11. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

  12. Entropy

  13. Summary • The quantity of energy in the universe is constant, but its quality is not.

  14. Free Energy

  15. Free Energy G = H - TS G = free energy of a system H = total energy of a system T = temperature in oK S = entropy of a system

  16. Free Energy of a System

  17. Free Energy Changes

  18. Spontaneous Process

  19. Chemical Reactions

  20. Reaction Types • Exergonic: • Endergonic:

  21. Exergonic/Endergonic

  22. Biological Examples • Exergonic – • Endergonic -

  23. Cell - Types of Work

  24. Energy Coupling

  25. ATP

  26. Adenine Phosphates Ribose

  27. Key to ATP

  28. ATP

  29. ATP vs Food • ATP: • Food:

  30. ATP Cycles

  31. ATP Cycle

  32. ATP in Cells • A cell's ATP content is recycled every minute. • Humans use close to their body weight in ATP daily. • No ATP production equals quick death.

  33. Enzymes

  34. Chemical Reaction AB + CD AC + BD

  35. Enzymes

  36. Enzyme Terms • Substrate – - ase

  37. Enzyme Name

  38. Active Site

  39. Models of How Enzymes Work 1. 2.

  40. Lock and Key Model

  41. Induced Fit Model

  42. Substrate Active Site

  43. Enzymes

  44. Factors that Affect Enzymes

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