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Understanding the Functions and Components of a Personal Computer

A personal computer (PC) performs essential functions of collecting, processing, storing, and communicating information. It collects data through input devices like keyboards and scanners, processes it via the CPU, stores it on storage devices such as hard disks or CDs, and outputs it through monitors and printers. Key components include a power supply, various ports for peripherals, and expansion cards to enhance functionality. Understanding these elements helps optimize PC performance for personal or professional use.

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Understanding the Functions and Components of a Personal Computer

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  1. What does a PC do? • computers collect, process, store, and communicate information • Collect via input devices: mouse, keyboard, scanner, digital camera • Process via CPU • Store onto storage devices: hard disk, CD ROM, tape drive • Communicate via output devices: monitor, printer, speakers, robot Sheffield Hallam University

  2. Input Devices Sheffield Hallam University

  3. Storage Sheffield Hallam University

  4. Output Devices Sheffield Hallam University

  5. Communications Sheffield Hallam University

  6. Important Units • Bit (Binary Digit, 0 or 1) is the smallest unit of info a computer can process • Byte is eight bits - amount needed to represent one alpha-numeric character. • Kilobyte (KB) is 1024 bytes, roughly half a page of text • Megabyte (MB) is 1024 kilobytes • Gigabyte (GB) is 1024 megabytes Sheffield Hallam University

  7. Power Supply • converts mains (AC) electricity to DC • PC uses 200 Watts, one unit of electricity every five hours • Fan prevents parts from overheating and keeps case size as small as possible • Surge Protectors (optional) protect against voltage spikes • Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS, also optional) protects a computer from loss of power Sheffield Hallam University

  8. Ports • Connectors at the back of the computer where you plug in a peripheral device • modem, printer, mouse, keyboard • Serial ports have 9 pins • Labelled COM1, COM2 • Connect to mouse or modem • Parallel ports have 25 connections • Labelled LPT1, LPT2 • Connect to printers or tape drives Sheffield Hallam University

  9. More Ports • Keyboard ports • Games ports • USB - Universal Serial Bus • allows several devices to be connected via only one port • fast data transfer rate Sheffield Hallam University

  10. Expansion Cards/Boards • circuit boards that let you add a new feature to the computer • PCs have a number of expansion slots • Buy a PC with plenty of slots spare • Most cards go into the motherboard • Some plug into the back (Notebooks and Laptops) Sheffield Hallam University

  11. Types of Expansion Card • Video - generates images to display on monitor • Modem - allows computers to exchange information via telephone lines • Sound - play and record audio • Network - to allow connected computers to share information and peripherals Sheffield Hallam University

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