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EDU 221

EDU 221. Chapters 1 and 2. What is it?. Inclusion is any opportunity for children with disabilities to play & interact with, grow & learn alongside children who are developing in a typical way. 1.1. Attitudes Toward Disabilities: Historical Perspectives 1500s.

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EDU 221

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  1. EDU 221 Chapters 1 and 2

  2. What is it? Inclusionis any opportunity for children with disabilities to play & interact with, grow & learn alongside children who are developing in a typical way. 1.1

  3. Attitudes Toward Disabilities: Historical Perspectives1500s • Only 50% of children reached adulthood • Infanticide, abandonment, exploitation common • Public sentiment: Children were full of evil 1.2

  4. 1700s • Children maimed to be better beggars • Strict discipline enforced • Public sentiment: Children seen, not heard • Children = workers • Little thought given to persons with disabilities 1.3

  5. 1800s • First kindergartens • 80% of persons in poor housing had some disability • First disability services • School for the Deaf (1817) • School for the Blind (1832) • National Education Association subdivision concerning disabilities (1897) • Public sentiment: Protect the handicapped 1.4

  6. early 1900s • Institutions – isolated, overcrowded, understaffed • Residents – institutionalized for life, provided minimal care • Community – developed apathy, fear, distrust • Public sentiment – Persons with disabilities = menace 1.5

  7. early 1900s • New science of genetics produced faulty studies resulting in misconceptions • Mental retardation was mostly hereditary • Mental retardation caused social evils • New laws removed rights of persons with disabilities • Study of children as a science emerged 1.6

  8. mid to late 1900s • World wars ended & disabled soldiers returned home • New compassion for persons with disabilities • Civil rights movement unfolded • Federal legislation supports rights of persons with disabilities • Public sentiment: People with disabilities are people first 1.7

  9. Practices That Interfere with Positive Attitudes toward Persons with Disabilities • Isolating people who have disabilities • Treating people with disabilities as incapable & dependent • Seeing only the disability, not the person • Using language such as cripple, idiot, retarded, deaf & dumb 1.8

  10. Landmark Legislation Supporting Inclusion • 1972 Economic Opportunity Act amended • 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act • 1986 Education of the Handicapped Act amendments [renamed Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1990] • 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) • 1997 Reauthorization of IDEA 1.9

  11. Challenges to Implementing Inclusion • Negative attitudes of parents, teachers, & community • Lack of trained staff • Continued physical inaccessibility of some buildings • Lack of funding for additional staff, smaller class sizes, specialized materials & equipment 1.10

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