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Energy Allocation and Optimal Foraging Theory in Forest Canopies and Understory Plants

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This discussion explores the concept of energy limitation in organisms, emphasizing how plants and animals, such as bluegills, allocate their energy resources for survival. By analyzing various figures from Molles (2006), we delve into photosynthetic rates, light intensity, and the impact of prey density on food intake. We highlight optimal foraging theory, revealing how energy supply constraints force organisms to make compromises in energy allocation, influencing both diet choice and survival strategies in competitive environments.

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Energy Allocation and Optimal Foraging Theory in Forest Canopies and Understory Plants

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  1. ENERGY LIMITATION

  2. Photosynthetic Rate Light Intensity

  3. Fig. 6.19 in Molles 2006

  4. Fig. 6.3 in Molles 2006

  5. Forest Canopy Plants Forest Understory Plants Fig. 6.20 in Molles 2006

  6. Functional Response Fig. 6.21 in Molles 2006

  7. Prey Density

  8. Food Intake Prey Density

  9. Fig. 6.22 in Molles 2006

  10. Fig. 6.23 in Molles 2006

  11. Water Bug vs. Isopod Mayfly Larva

  12. How do Organisms Allocate Energy? 1 2 3 4

  13. How do Organisms Allocate Energy? 6 5 8 9 7

  14. Optimal Foraging Theory (Derived from Economics) • Energy Supplies are Limited • Organisms cannot maximize all functions • Allocation of Energy is a Compromise between Needs

  15. Bluegill

  16. MODEL FOR ENERGY YIELD: ONE PREY ITEM Ne1E1 - Cs E = __________________ T 1 + Ne1H1

  17. Ne1 = E T = Cs = H1 =

  18. TWO PREY ITEMS + (Ne2E2 – Cs) (Ne1E1 – Cs) E = _____________________________________________ T 1 + Ne1H1 + Ne2H2

  19. DIET CHOICE Ne1E1 - Cs E T = __________________ ONE PREY ITEM 1 + Ne1H1 OR + (Ne2E2 – Cs) (Ne1E1 – Cs) E T TWO PREY ITEMS = _____________________________________________ 1 + Ne1H1 + Ne2H2

  20. Bluegill

  21. Actual Food Availability in the Environment Prey Length (mm)

  22. Bluegill Optimal Diet (Prediction from Theory) Prey Length (mm)

  23. Bluegill Actual Diet Prey Length (mm)

  24. “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”

  25. OPTIMAL FORAGING THEORY IN PLANTS?

  26. Fig. 6.25 in Molles 2006

  27. Indian Grass [Next: Chapter 9: Population Distribution and Abundance ]

  28. Chapter 9: Population Distribution • and Abundance • For Tuesday: Read pp. 211-220 • Thursday: Quiz (Chapter 6)

  29. 1 http://www.coffeecreekwc.org/photos/birds/Red-Winged_Blackbird_(male).jpg 2 http://www.frw.ca/albums/Ponds-and-Wetlands/Projects_Ponds_and_wetlands_ Red_wing_blackbird_nest_in_c.jpg 3 http://www.migrationresearch.org/mbo/id/rwbl/id%20rwbl%20ahy%20f% 20566%20wing%20jul06.jpg 4 http://www.mikephoto.com/content/binary/blackbird-mobbing.jpg 5 http://www.desertusa.com/july96/IMG_0529.jpg 6 http://www.scienceaid.co.uk/biology/ecology/images/cactus.jpg 7 http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/3606144/2/istockphoto_ 3606144_saquaro_cactus_skeleton.jpg 8 http://www.azcentral.com/help/reprints/pics/animal_1.jpg

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