Settling the west

1. Settling the west

2. Q1-Evaluate the importance of mining in the West • Growth of Mining Industry • Placer mining • Quartz mining • The Big Strike in Nevada • Henry Comstock • Virginia City, NV • Other Bonanzas • Leadville • Pikes Peak • Northern Great Plains • Placer Mining • Quartz mining • Henry Comstock • Boom town KEY TERMS

4. Q2-Analyze the ranching and farming practices on the plains • Ranching and Farming the Plains • Great Plains • Texas Longhorns • Farming Becomes Big Business • Railroads West • Homestead Act • Wheat Belt • Great Plains • Open range • Long drive • Homestead act • Homestead • Wheat Belt KEY TERMS

6. Q3-Discuss the impact of settlers, and how they altered the way of life for Native Americans • Cultures under Pressure • Indian Peace Commission • Conflict and Assimilation • Sitting Bull • Ghost Dance • Century of Dishonor • Assimilate • Dawes Act • Indian Peace Commission • Sitting Bull • Ghost Dance • Assimilate • Dawes Act • Wounded Knee KEY TERMS

7. Q4-Summarize the reason for growth of the American Industry after the Civil War. • United States Industrializes • GNP=Gross National Product • Natural Resources • Large Workforce • 1870-1910-20 million immigrants • Free Enterprise • Free Enterprise • Laissez-faire • New Inventions • Gross National Product • Natural Resources • Entrepreneurs • Free Enterprise • Laissez-Faire • Alexander Graham Bell • Thomas Alva Edison KEY TERMS

9. Q5-Explain the impact of railroads on the nations’ industrialization. • Railroads Linking the Nation • 1865 – 35,000 miles of track • 1900-200,000 miles of track • Pacific Railway Act 1862 • Railroads Spur Growth • American Railway Association • Land Grant System • Sell the land to settlers, real estate companies, and other business to raise money • Pacific Railway Act 1862-1864 changed land system • Robber Barons • Built their fortunes on swindling investors, and taxpayers, bribing government officials, and cheating on their contracts and debts • James J. Hull and the Great Northern Railroad • Did without any government funds and was not a robber baron • Only one that was not forced into bankruptcy • American Railway Association • Robber Barons • Land Grant System • Pacific Railway Act KEY TERMS

11. Q6-Describe the rise of big business and the impact of the free enterprise system on industrialization. • Rise of Big Business • Corporations and Stockholders • 1830 no need to for charter from states • Reinvest stock money in: • Technology • Larger Workforce • Machinery • Consolidation of Industry • Andrew Carnegie • Vertical integration • John D. Rockefeller • Horizontal integration • Corporations • Andrew Carnegie • Vertical integration • Horizontal Integration • Monopoly KEY TERMS

12. Q7-Explain the roles of Unions in the late 1800’s. • Working Conditions • Life became monotonous • Breathed in dust lint, and toxic fumes, and heavy machines lacked safety devices • Way to collectively bargain for higher wages and better working conditions • Struggle to Organize • Early 1830s workers form skilled labor unions • Karl Marx and Marxism • Owners of large corporations despise industrial unions • Confrontations in many cases lead to violence and bloodshed • Haymarket Square • Two Strikes for Railroad • 1877 Great Railroad Strike • Pullman Strike • American Federation of Labor • Samuel Gompers • Three goals • Women made up 18% of work force • All in women type jobs • Marxism • Industrial Unions • AFL • Samuel Gompers • Closed Shops • Great Railroad Strike • Haymarket Square • Pullman Strike KEY TERMS

14. Q8-Describe the arrival of thousands of European and Asian immigrants of the United States after the Civil War. • Immigration • 1900 more than half of all immigrants were Eastern and Southern • Europeans Flood into United States • Many rural farmers , avoid military conscription, or Jew fleeing persecution • Getting to the United States • Ellis Island • Jacob Riis • Asian Immigration • Angel Island • The Resurgence of Nativism • Anti-Immigration Act • 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act • Ellis Island • Angel Island • Nativism • Chinese Exclusion Act KEY TERMS

15. Q9-Explain the impact of immigration and industrialization on the growth of American cities. • The Growth of American Cities • The New Urban Environment • Separation by Class • Urban Problems and Politics • Urbanization • Tenements • Political Machines • Graft • Boss Tweed • James and Thomas Pendergast KEY TERMS

16. Q10-Explain the impact of immigration and urbanization on the growth of American society. • Gilded Age • Mark Twain • Warner • Social Darwinism • Realism • Popular Culture • Vaudeville Acts • Gilded Age • Individualism • Herbert Spencer • Social Darwinism • Philanthropy KEY TERMS

17. Q11-Describe the attempts to help the urban poor. • The Rebirth of Reform • Social Criticism • 1879 Henry George “Progress and Poverty” • Lester Frank Ward “dynamic sociology” known as Reform Darwinism people succeed because of cooperate • Helping the Urban Poor • Social Gospel (1870-1920) improve conditions in cities according to biblical ideas of charity and justice • Washington Gladden, advocate, tried to apply Christian law to social problems • Stressed the right of labor organization in ministry • Walter Rauschenbusch felt competition caused many social problems • Both inspired churches to increases in functions like day care and helping poor • Christian Mission that became known as Salvation Army 1878 • Dwight L. Moody YMCA • Jane Addams established settlement houses, Hull Houses • Public Education • Industrialized nation needs trained and educated workers • 1870 6.5 million children attended school by 1900 17.3 million • Here children became knowledgeable about American culture=Americanization • Grammar schools basic education, vocational and tech school specific trade • African American had to fund own schools, Booker T. Washington • Tuskegee Institute in 1881 • Henry George • Frank Ward • YMCA • Dwight L. Moody • Settlement Houses • Americanization • Booker T. Washington KEY TERMS

18. Q12-Identify the results of the political stalemate in Washington from 1877 to 1896. • Stalemate in Washington • Spoils System • Sparked by assassination of James A Garfield • Cleaning Up Politics • Rutherford B. Hayes • Stalwarts • Halfbreeds • James A. Garfield • Pendelton Act 1883 • Two Parties Neck and Neck • Republican Party • Democrat Party • Election of 1884 • Commerce, Trusts, and Tariffs • Republicans Regain Power • Pendelton Act • Stalwarts • Mugwumps • Interstate Commerce Act • Halfbreeds • Rutherford B. Hayes • James A. Garfield KEY TERMS

19. Q13-Explain the rise of populism and its impact on American politics at the turn of the century. • Populism • Unrest in Rural America • Concerns of Farmers • Farmers Alliance • The rise of Populism • Populism • Inflation • Deflation • Grange • Granger laws • Peoples Party • Farmers Alliance • Graduated Income Tax • Panic of 1893 • William Jennings Bryan KEY TERMS

20. Q14-Describe the segregated society created in the Southern states in the late 1800s. • Resistance and Repression • Benjamin “Pap” Singleton • Colored Farmers National Alliance • Disenfranchising African Americans • 15th Amendment and Grandfather clause • Legalizing Segregation • Jim Crow Laws and separating races • Plessey v. Ferguson • African American Response • Ida B Wells • Booker T. Washington • W.E.B DuBois” • Poll Tax • Prospective • Grandfather clause • Segregation • Jim Crow laws • Plessy vs. Ferguson • Ida B. Wells • W.E.B. Dubois KEY TERMS