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Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics: Key Concepts, Historical Figures, and Applications

This comprehensive overview of fluid mechanics covers essential definitions and studies of static and dynamic fluids. It highlights historical contributions from notable figures like Archimedes, Newton, and Bernoulli. The text discusses fluid properties, including density and viscosity, and their applications in engineering, climate studies, and various transportation methods. Through engaging examples, including fluid flow analysis and shear stress relations, it equips readers with a foundational understanding of fluid dynamics and its practical implications across multiple fields.

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Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics: Key Concepts, Historical Figures, and Applications

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  1. Aula 1 Sandro R. Lautenschlager Mecânica dos Fluidos 1-Considerações Básicas

  2. Mecânica dos Fluidos • Definição • Estudo dos líquidos e gases no qual não há movimento (estáticos) e naqueles no qual há movimentos (dinâmica)

  3. History Faces of Fluid Mechanics Archimedes (C. 287-212 BC) Newton (1642-1727) Leibniz (1646-1716) Bernoulli (1667-1748) Euler (1707-1783) Navier (1785-1836) Stokes (1819-1903) Prandtl (1875-1953) Reynolds (1842-1912) Taylor (1886-1975)

  4. Weather & Climate Tornadoes Thunderstorm Global Climate Hurricanes

  5. Vehicles Surface ships Aircraft Submarines High-speed rail

  6. Environment River hydraulics Air pollution

  7. Physiology and Medicine Blood pump Ventricular assist device

  8. Sports & Recreation Water sports Cycling Offshore racing Auto racing Surfing

  9. Aplicação em engenharia Computer Simulations Save US $150,000 in Commuter Jet Design by Reducing Wind Tunnel Testing

  10. Aplicação em engenharia

  11. Aplicação em engenharia

  12. Aplicação em engenharia

  13. Propriedades dos Fluidos • Peso específico Onde: g-gravidade local (9,8 m/s2); r-massa especifica (kg/m3); g-peso específico (kg/m2s2) ou N/m3

  14. Propriedades dos Fluidos • Densidade Temperatura de referência 40C

  15. Variação de com a temperatura

  16. Massa Específica

  17. Peso Específico

  18. Nas condições Normais

  19. y Moving plate u=V V Fluid B x Fixed plate u=0 Some Simple Flows • Flow between a fixed and a moving plate Fluid in contact with the plate has the same velocity as the plate u = x-direction component of velocity

  20. r R x V Fluid Some Simple Flows • Flow through a long, straight pipe Fluid in contact with the pipe wall has the same velocity as the wall u = x-direction component of velocity

  21. y Moving plate u=V t0 t1 t2 Fluid x Fixed plate u=0 Fluid Deformation • Flow between a fixed and a moving plate • Force causes plate to move with velocity V and the fluid deforms continuously.

  22. y dL Moving plate u=V+dV da t t+dt dy dx Fluid x Fixed plate u=V Fluid Deformation Shear stress on the plate is proportional to deformation rate of the fluid

  23. Shear in Different Fluids • Shear-stress relations for different typesof fluids • Newtonian fluids: linear relationship • Slope of line (coefficient of proportionality) is “viscosity”

  24. V+dv V Viscosity • Newton’s Law of Viscosity • Viscosity • Units • Water (@ 20oC) • m = 1x10-3N-s/m2 • Air (@ 20oC) • m = 1.8x10-5N-s/m2 • Kinematic viscosity

  25. y Moving plate u=V V Force acting ON the plate Fluid B x Fixed plate u=0 Flow between 2 plates Force is same on topand bottom Thus, slope of velocity profile is constant and velocity profile is a st. line

  26. Shearon fluid Flow between 2 plates Shear stress anywherebetween plates y Moving plate u=V V t B t x Fixed plate u=0

  27. r x y x Flow between 2 plates • 2 different coordinate systems B V

  28. Example: Journal Bearing • Given • Rotation rate, w = 1500 rpm • d = 6 cm • l = 40 cm • D = 6.02 cm • SGoil = 0.88 • noil = 0.003 m2/s • Find: Torque and Power required to turn the bearing at the indicated speed.

  29. Example: cont. • Assume: Linear velocity profile in oil film

  30. Compressibilidade Módulo de elasticidade volumétrica

  31. Módulo de elasticidade para água • B=2100MPa ou 21000x atm Mudança 1% Líquidos podem ser considerados incompressíveis 21Mpa (210atm)

  32. Cálculo velocidade do som Exemplo para água c = 1450m/s (condições normais )

  33. Data da Provas P1 17/08/11 Cap. 1 e 2; P2 05/10/11 Cap. 3 e 4; P3 21/11/11 Cap 4 e 6. Exame 5/12/11 Avaliação final Cap. 1, 2, 3, 4 e 6

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