1 / 32

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the neonate

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the neonate. Peter C. Rimensberger Pediatric and Neonatal ICU University Hospital of Geneva Switzerland. COIN-trial 610 infants, 25-to-28-weeks’ gestation, randomized to CPAP  intubation + ventilation at 5 minutes after birth.

avery
Télécharger la présentation

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the neonate

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the neonate Peter C. Rimensberger Pediatric and Neonatal ICU University Hospital of Geneva Switzerland

  2. COIN-trial 610 infants, 25-to-28-weeks’ gestation, randomized to CPAP  intubation + ventilation at 5 minutes after birth In the year 2008:BPD incidence = 35% <29 wks COIN-trial, NEJM 2008

  3. Volume (%VC) Adult Volume (%VC) Infant Thorax Lungs Chest wall Volume (%VC) Infant (Reduced Compliance) Pressure Elastic work of breathing Work = P * V ACB: Move the chest wall from the resting position AXC: Overcome resistive forces

  4. Inward distortion of the rib cage on the volume displaced by the diaphragma  Innefficient ventilation and waist of work

  5. Thoraco-abdominal Asynchrony (the noncoincident motion of the rib cage and abdomen during breathing) If the rib cage is sucked in or retracted as abdominal excursions occur (e.g., in upper airway obstruction), or the abdomen is retracted as the rib cage expands (e.g., diaphragmatic paralysis) Prisk GK Pediatric Pulmonology 2002; 34:462–472

  6. Thoracoabdominal Asynchrony  Synchrony NCPAP NIPPV 25 weeks: Abdominal (red) & Chest Wall (green) Movements Synchronized NIPPV: Better ventilation Courtesy of Simon Bignall

  7. SNIPPV 1) To avoid the need for endotracheal intubation in preterm infants with respiratory failure Barrington KJ Pediatrics 2001; 107: 638–41 (RCT) De Paoli AG Acta Paediatrica 2003; 92: 70–5 (review and meta-analysis) Khalaf MN Pediatrics 2001; 108: 13–7 (RCT) Santin R Perinatol 2004; 24: 487–93 (prospective observational study) Friedlich P Perinat 1999; 19: 413 (RCT) 2) It has been shown to be particularly effective in decreasing reintubation when compared with nasal CPAP as an extubation mode Barrington KJ Pediatrics 2001; 107: 638–41 (RCT) Khalaf MN Pediatrics 2001; 108: 13–7 (RCT) Friedlich P Perinat 1999; 19: 413 (RCT) 3) SNIPPV has been used as an alternative to continued endotracheal mechanical ventilation after surfactant therapy in 28- to 34-week gestation infants with respiratory distress syndrome Santin R Perinatol 2004; 24: 487–93 (prospective observational study) 4) Work of breathing has also been shown to be decreased with the use of SNIPPV compared to nasal CPAP Kiciman NM Pediatr Pulmonol 1998; 25: 175–81

  8. Reintubation after extubation: A prospective RCT comparing SNIPPV vs NCPAP (Khalaf MN, et al. Pediatrics 2001;108:13-17) Criteria for extubation: 1. MAP = 4-6 cm H2O 2. IMV  25/minute 3. PIP  16 cm H2O 4. PEEP  5 cm H2O 5. FiO2  0.35 6. Aminophylline level  8 mg/L 7. Hematocrit  40% After extubation: 1. SNIPPV: PIP +4, same IMV-PEEP 2. NCPAP: 4- 6 3. FiO2: O2 saturations 90-96% Criteria for re-intubation: 1. pH < 7.25 2. PaCO2 > 60 mmHg 3. PaO2 < 50 mmHg despite a FiO2 of 0.7 4. A single episode of apnea requiring bag and mask resuscitation 5. Frequent ( 3/hr) apnea/bradycardia spells 6. Multiple ( 3/hr) desaturation episodes despite a FiO2 of 1.0

  9. SNIPPV NCPAP p (n =34) (n =30) value Age at study (d) 4 (1 - 83) 2.5 (1 - 106) 0.95 Wt. at study (gm) 0.32 1110 55 1200 75 Pre - MAP (cm H O) 0.38 4.9 0.2 5.1 0.2 2 Pre - FiO 0.84 0.30 0.02 0.30 0.01 2 AR (cm/H O/L/s) 0.18 169 16 205 21 2 LC (ml/cmH O) 0.57 0.74 0.02 0.8 0.1 2 Post - pH 7.36 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 0.03 7.34 + 0.02 0.14 Post - CO (mmHg) 37 + 1.0 40 + 2.0 0.06 2 Apnea (n) 0.84 2.24 0.8 2.03 0.7 0.01 Success (n, %) 32 (94) 18 (60) < Reintubation after extubation: (Khalaf MN, et al. Pediatrics 2001;108:13-17)

  10. A Prospective Observational Pilot Study: SNIPPV as a Primary Mode of Ventilation In Infants > or = 28 Weeks with RDS (Santin RS, et al. J Perinatol 2004;24:487-93) Mean ± SEM

  11. A Prospective Observational Pilot Study: SNIPPV as a Primary Mode of Ventilation In Infants > or = 28 Weeks with RDS (Santin RS, et al. J Perinatol 2004;24:487-93) Mean ± SEM OI: Oxygenation Index

  12. NIMV versus NCPAP for Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled, Prospective Study Kugelmann A J Pediatr 2007;150:521-6

  13. Infants treated initially with NIPPV needed less ETT ventilation than infants treated with NCPAP. Infants treated with NIPPV had a decreased incidence of BPD compared with those treated with NCPAP Kugelmann A J Pediatr 2007;150:521-6

  14. A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF SYNCHRONIZED NASAL INTERMITTENT POSITIVE PRESSURE (SNIPPV) VENTILATION IN RDS (Bhandari V, et al. J Perinatol 2007;27:697-703) SURF-N-SAVE STUDY: HYPOTHESIS Primary mode SNIPPV (defined as its use in the acute phase of RDS, following the administration of the first dose of surfactant) initiated shortly after birth would decrease the incidence of BPD and/or death in smaller premature babies when compared to conventional endotracheal mode of ventilation.

  15. A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF SYNCHRONIZED NASAL INTERMITTENT POSITIVE PRESSURE (SNIPPV) VENTILATION IN RDS (Bhandari V, et al. J Perinatol 2007;27:697-703) INCLUSION CRITERIA

  16. A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF SYNCHRONIZED NASAL INTERMITTENT POSITIVE PRESSURE (SNIPPV) VENTILATION IN RDS (Bhandari V, et al. J Perinatol 2007;27:697-703) Primary Outcome: CV SNIPPV P (n=21) (n=20) value Birth weight (grams)* 858 ± 27 915 ± 41 0.24 Gestational age (weeks)* 27.0 ± 0.4 26.9 ± 0.3 0.93 BPD or Deaths (n, %) 11 (52) 4 (20) 0.03 BPD (n, %) 7 (33) 2 (10) 0.04 Deaths (n, %) 4 (19) 2 (10) 0.66 Air leaks (n, %) 1 (5) 1 (5) 1.0 PDA (n, %) 3 (14) 4 (20) 0.70 IVH (n, %) 6 (29) 6 (30) 1.0 PVL (n, %) 1 (5) 2 ( 10) 0.61 Longterm Outcome: Mental or Psychomotor Developmental Intex There were no statistically significant differences in the MDI (mean  SD; CV (n=8) versus SNIPPV (n=7); 88.13  10.32 versus 81.43  17.54) or PDI (88.38 11.87 versus 84.29  19.47) scores in the infants, assessed at a median (25th –75th centile) corrected GA of 22 (20.5-24) months.

  17. COIN-trial 610 infants, 25-to-28-weeks’ gestation, randomized to CPAP  intubation + ventilation at 5 minutes after birth In the year 2008:BPD incidence = 35% <29 wks COIN-trial, NEJM 2008

  18. Strategizing SNIPPV - As extubation mode - To control apnea, avoiding extubation - Primary mode (with or without surfactant use): more data needed

  19. PSV Synchronization Principles

  20. SNIPPV: Trigger systems for synchronization Graseby Capsule Infant Flow Advanced Viasys “ SIPAP” Flow sensor Ginevri “ Giulia” SLE 5000 Babylog 8000 NAVA-system sensing of diaphragmatic electrical activity Maquet “Servo-I”

  21. ? “Flow termination criteria” Peak Flow 25% How to set Ti in a spontaneous breathing patient on a pressure support mode ? 0 flow 0 flow Flow PIP Ti Te Tinsp. PS above PEEP Pressure PEEP Pressure Control Pressure Support

  22. TS 30% Termination Sensitivity = Cycle-off Criteria Flow Peak Flow (100%) Leak TS 5% Time Tinsp. (eff.) Set maximal Tinsp.

  23. Neural breathing pattern in the preterm (room air, no vent) Sleeping, 30 weeks, 1158 g 1 2 3 Sleeping, 30 weeks, 1158 g Sleeping, 30 weeks, 1205 g Sleeping, 30 weeks, 1205 g Feeding, baby moving 28 weeks, 1486g Baby awake, 28 weeks, 1486g 200 a.u. Beck et al, PAS 2006 10 seconds

  24. Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in rabbits with acute lung injury Beck J et al. Intensive Care Med (2008) 34:316–323

  25. Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in rabbits with acute lung injury Beck J et al. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:316–323

  26. baby 440 grams

  27. 1st experience baby 440 grams

  28. baby 440 grams

  29. baby 440 grams

  30. “NAVA can deliver assist in synchrony and proportionally to EAdi after extubation, with a leaky non-invasive interface” J.Beck ICM 2008

  31. Conclusions Meta-Analysis: “NIPPV is a useful method of augmenting the beneficial effects of NCPAP in preterm infants…..reassuring absence of the gastrointestinal side-effects that were reported in previous case series.” (Cochrane Collaboration) Issues to be solved Patient selection Indications Synchronization during NIPPV

More Related