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One Nation – Two Economies, Two Societies

One Nation – Two Economies, Two Societies. Latin American Independence and the Role of the United States. 1810-1823 – Independence movements achieve independence for the majority of Latin American countries Creoles (Spaniards born in the Americas) – began the movements

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One Nation – Two Economies, Two Societies

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  1. One Nation – Two Economies, Two Societies

  2. Latin American Independence and the Role of the United States • 1810-1823 – Independence movements achieve independence for the majority of Latin American countries • Creoles (Spaniards born in the Americas) – began the movements • Simón Bolivar – The Liberator • Each movement was inspired by the others • Florida – 1821 –Adams-Onis Treaty • Monroe Doctrine- 1823

  3. The Midwestern & Northeastern Economy Midwest and Northeast: • More Enterprise (people starting new businesses) • More diverse economy (small farms & industry) • More specialization (each worker – defined tasks) • More factories • Larger Cities • More immigrants • More young women working outside home

  4. The Southern Economy South: • Almost entirely farming • Cotton Belt – SC, GA, AL, MS, AR, LA, TX • Tobacco – VA, NC, KY; • Sugar – SC • Almost completely rural; smaller cities • Dependent on slavery • Small farms → big plantations

  5. Midwest Industries/Crops Small farms: Corn, Wheat, Other Grains Raising pigs, cattle Beer and whiskey Service industry: Slaughterhouses, shipping companies, banks

  6. Northeast Industries Industrialization (growth of factories, manufacturing companies) Textiles, leather Furniture, Carpet, Clocks, Glass, Tinware Coal, Iron Ships, Lumber Bricks, Building Materials

  7. Slavery in the U.S. – early 1800s Slavery dying in North - By 1804, all northern states passed laws to ban slavery (some gradually) Slave importation prohibited (1808) Slavery doubles due to: - Cotton gin, increased demand for slavery - Internal population growth (more babies) Prices for slaves triple Small farms → large plantations (worse for slaves)

  8. Slave Revolts • Gabriel’s Conspiracy (1800): take over Richmond, VA • Denmark Vesey’s plan (1822): Seize Charlestown, SC • Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1831) • Southampton County, Virginia • Killed more than 57 white men • Resulted in violent backlash against African Americans • States pass Slave Codes, prohibiting slaves: • to read or write • to meet (in groups of more than 3) • to move freely • bear arms • testify in court, make contracts, make charges vs. owners

  9. Other forms of slave resistance • Escape – Underground Railroad: network of people and hideouts used to help slaves escape to north • Refuse to work • Violate slave codes • Organize with other slaves • Sabotage work on plantation • David Walker’s appeal • Called on slaves to rebel • Attacked racist attitudes used to justify slavery

  10. Age of Jackson • Andrew Jackson (1829-1837), 7th president • States expand voting rights to all white males • Jackson elected with great popular support • First “Westerner” in White House • Patronage/Spoils System • Put friends/supporters in government jobs • Limited federal government • Increased power of presidency • Vetoed more bills than any previous presidents

  11. Tariff Crisis and States’ Rights • South Carolina nullifies Tariff of 1828, tries to prevent enforcement • State sovereignty: “States have rights to nullify federal laws, secede/leave nation” • Jackson threatens to send federal troops to SC, passes Force Bill • Compromise reached – tariff reduced

  12. Indian Removal/Trail of Tears • “5 Civilized Tribes”:live in GA, FL, AL, MS, TN Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chicasaw, Seminole • Indian Removal Act (1830) – Indians forced to leave cultivated land in east for wild land in west • 5 Civilized Tribes (100,000) forcibly removed • Cherokees assimilated, still forced to move • Supreme Court says GA can’t move them, but GA does anyway, with support of Jackson • Trail of Tears, 4,000 of 15,000 die of cold/disease • Black Hawk War (IL), 2nd Seminole War (FL)

  13. Elections of 1832, 1836, 1840 • Jackson vetoes keeping the Bank of the U.S. • National Republicans run on this issue, lose (1832) • National Republicans merge into Whigs • Martin Van Buren succeeds Jackson in 1836 • Financial crisis/Depression haunts Van Buren • William Henry Harrison (Whigs) win in 1840 • Harrison dies after 1 month, VP John Tyler takes over, opposes his own party’s plans

  14. Reforming Society 2nd Great Awakening–We can reform ourselves Transcendentalists (to rise above reason, appearances); most from Concord, Mass. • Rely on spiritual discovery & insight → truth • Nature is the symbol/source of spirit • Seeking democracy, freedom, harmony w/ divine • A spiritual/religious, literary & political movement • Individualism/self-reliance, questioning author.; quest for spiritual nourishment • Ralph Waldo Emerson; Henry David Thoreau

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