The French Regime: 1663-1760

The French Regime: 1663-1760 DIVERSITY OR DIVERSIFIED

Absolutism: • A political ideology according to which the ruler (i.e. King or Queen) was said to receive his or her power directly from God and was their representative on earth Culture Definitions

Catalyst: • a person or thing that causes an event or change. Definitions

Census: • An official periodic count of a population including such information as sex, age, occupation, etc. Population Definitions

Monopoly: • The exclusive possession, control, or exercise of something. Economy Definitions

Market Economy: • a capitalistic economic system where prices are determined by supply and demand. Economy Definitions

Diversification: • The act of introducing variety. Economy Definitions

Seigneurial System: • The French system of land division used in New France. • Long thin strips of land along a body of water. Population Definitions

Missionaries: • A person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country. Population Definitions

Evangelization: • To convert to Christianity. Culture Definitions

The broken promise of the Company of 100 Associates was the catalyst for great change in New France.

Royal Government: 1663 The King of France was upset that the fur trade companies did not keep their promise. (about bringing settlers)

Royal Government: 1663-1760 2. As a result he established (created) Royal Government, in order to have control over New France 3. Royal Government took power away from the fur trading companies.

Jean Talon • 1. A) Jean Talon was sent by the King of France to find out the problems in New France. • b) He was the first Intendant of New France

Jean Talon 2. The First Census • A) In order to find out the problems, Jean Talon completed the first census.

Jean Talon b) He found 3 main problems. • -Not enough women • -No protection for the colony • -Not enough people staying in New France

Jean Talon 3. His solutions: • A) Bring over specific groups of immigrants: • -les Filles du Roi

Soldiers • Soldiers from the Carignan Salieres Regiment.

Engagés • Who were they? • -They were hired workers (on a contract) • -Jean Talon and the King hoped they would stay after their contract was up • But only a few did

b) Incentives for population growth -Baby Bonuses for couples who had at least 10 children - Fines on men and women who remained unmarried -Men could not get involved in fur trade if they weren’t married

C) Promoted the Seigneurial System To organize the settlement of people in New France.

1663-1760 continued

1. Territory continued to expand due to exploration for the fur trade Population:

2. Composition of the Population a) 1663 b) 1760 • Total: 3000 people • Mainly male, French origin & native • Total: 65,000 • Mixed population: • Canadiens & French • Amerindians & small black population • Some were slaves.

3. Main reason for population growth. Lots of babies b) Traditional Canadien families are catholic. Catholic church promoted large famlies. c) It was not uncommon for families to have 10 or more children.

4. Seigneurial System • A) French method of organizing the territory • B) Long rectangular plots of land along a body of water. • C) Components of each seigneury: Mill, seigneur’s land, church, common land

Economy

Triangular Trade There was ongoing trade between New France, France and the French West Indies. How triangular trade works: The colonies provide raw materials The Mother Country would transform those raw materials into manufactured goods. C) The Mother Country would then sell the manufactured goods to the colonies (usually for a ridiculous amount of money)

Triangular Trade MANUFACTURED GOODS: CLOTH, METALS, LIQUOR • RESOURCES: • Furs • Fish • RESOURCES: • RUM • Slaves

Diversification With the help of Jean Talon, and other intendants (Hoquart, etc) the economy of New France becomes diversified. Meaning: the economy does not rely solely on the Fur trade

Agriculture: • 1. Population growth led to an increased demand for goods. Mainly FOOD! • A) Jean Talon encouraged the creation of more Seigneuries, this created a surplus in goods, which could now be sold for PROFIT! • B) Wheat becomes a staple product.

2. Impact on the Land • A) Further development of the Seigneurial System • B) Construction of mills • C) More public markets

3. Impact on the People • A) Higher standard of living • B) Economy was no longer based on self-sufficiency • C) Higher demand for specialized workers • d) Increased number of people in the cities.

Shipping and Ironworks

1. Demand • A) France needed ships for its Navy, and to export products to their colonies. • B) Many industries expanded because of this: Iron, tar, and rope.

2. Impact on the land • A) Mineral exploration for iron ore in Mauricie. (In the Canadian Shield) • B) New areas develop

Problems with the economy during the French Regime. • 1. The economy of New France became dependent on manufactured goods from their Mother Country. • 2. The fur trade is still the main attraction. • 3. Lack of money being made in New France. • 4. Not enough specialized workers.

Culture Continuity: Catholic religion continues to play a big role. The idea of Absolutism still dominates. (symbols of the King are everywhere: Fleur de Lys)

2. The Independent Spirit of the HABITANTS: • A) Because of the distance & lack of control from the Mother Country the French Canadian peasants (habitants) were forced to take care of themselves. • B) They developed an “Independent Spirit”

2. The Independent Spirit of the HABITANTS: • C) Their contact with the Aboriginals helped them to do this. • They blended the 2 cultures to create their own. • D) Examples: use of birch bark canoes, snowshoes, building new types of houses to suit the weather, fur trading without a permit.

Power

1. The State and the administrators of the colony: • A) The Bishops, Intendants and Governors (The B.I.G. 3 of Royal Government) all demanded things from France. • Examples: More money, more military resources, more land (for themselves). • B) For the most part, they did not get what they wanted. • C) France had little to no interest in their colony in the mid 1700’s.

2. The Great Peace of Montreal (1701) • A) Amerindian nations are not doing well (diseases and wars) • B) More than 1,300 Amerindians, from forty different nations, gathered near Montreal. They came from the Mississippi Valley, the Great Lakes, and Acadia. • C)Many were lifelong enemies

2. The Great Peace of Montreal (1701) • D) They agreed there would be no more wars between the French and the Amerindians. • E) Thirty-eight nations signed the treaty, including the Iroquois. • F) The Iroquois promised to remain neutral in any future conflict between the French and their former allies, the English colonists of New England.

3. The State and the Habitants: • A) The “regular” people were at the lowest level in Royal Government. • They had no say in the colony.

3. The State and the Habitants: • B) Means (ways) of control: • To ensure (make sure) that the rules/laws of the colony were followed, the state used three principal means of control:

The Army

Public Hangings Public Whipping Public Punishments

Chateau St-Louis Intendant’s Palace Public Shows of Power

The French Regime: 1663-1760