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20.1 Carbon Bonding

20.1 Carbon Bonding. Silicon (geological world): Carbon (biological world):. 20.2 Alkanes. Saturated Hydrocarbons VSEPR Shape: General Formula:. Prefixes. Methane (1) Ethane (2) Propane (3) Butane (4) Pentane (5) Hexane (6) Heptane (7) Octane (8) Nonane (9) Decane (10).

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20.1 Carbon Bonding

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  1. 20.1 Carbon Bonding • Silicon (geological world): • Carbon (biological world):

  2. 20.2 Alkanes • Saturated Hydrocarbons • VSEPR Shape: • General Formula:

  3. Prefixes • Methane (1) • Ethane (2) • Propane (3) • Butane (4) • Pentane (5) • Hexane (6) • Heptane (7) • Octane (8) • Nonane (9) • Decane (10)

  4. Properties of Alkanes

  5. 20.4 Naming Alkanes • For nomenclature rules see pg. 616 • Identify LONGEST chain of carbons • Name that chain. • Circle all alkyl groups and halogens attached to the chain • Number the chain • Name these functional groups

  6. 20.7 Alkenes and Alkynes Alkenes (CnH2n) • VSEPR Shape

  7. Nomenclature is similar to alkanes except: • Root changes from “ane” to “ene”. • Location of the double bond is indicated by the lowest-numbered carbon involving the bond. DOUBLE BOND MOST IMPORTANT! • 1-butene (not 3 butene) • 2-butene

  8. 20.7 Alkenes and Alkynes • Alkynes • VSEPR Shape: • General Formula: • Nomenclature is similar to alkanes except: • Root changes from “ane” to “yne” • Location of the triple bond is indicated by the lowest-numbered carbon involving the bond.

  9. 20.8 Aromatic Hydrocarbons • C6H6 Benzene • Resonance structures • Six delocalized electrons

  10. Substituted Benzene Rings • Ortho (o) • 1, 2 substituted • Meta (m) • 1, 3 substituted • Para (p) • 1, 4 substituted

  11. 20.10 Functional Groups • Alcohols (R-OH) • Ethers (R-O-R’) Laughing Gas • Aldehydes (R-COH) Perfumes • Ketones (R-CO-R’) Sugars and Acetone • Carboxylic acids (R-COOH) Acetic, Citric, Salicylic • Esters (R-COO-R’) Fats, oils, fragrances, explosives, polyesters • Amines (R-NH2)Amino Acids

  12. Common Polymers • Definition • Common Types: • Proteins • Nucleic Acids • Carbohydrates • Plastics

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