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Introduction To Computers

Introduction To Computers. What is a computer?. What Is A Computer?. A programmable machine Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. Can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program ).

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Introduction To Computers

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  1. Introduction To Computers

  2. What is a computer?

  3. What Is A Computer? • A programmable machine • Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. • Can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program) CLR DATA DEF FN DIM END FOR...TO...STEP GET GOSUB GOTO IF..THEN INPUT LET NEXT ON PRINT READ REM STOP WAIT 10 PI = 0: C = 1 20 PI = PI + 4/C + 4/(C + 2) 30 PRINT PI 40 C=C+4: GOTO 20

  4. What Is A Computer? Textbook An electronic device that • Accepts data (raw facts) • Processes that data • Produces meaningful information • Through math / logic • Without human interventionDATA  INFORMATION

  5. Which Computer Is Best? • 2002 PC Magazine Reader Survey

  6. Which Computer Is Best? • 2003 PC Magazine Reader Survey

  7. 2004 PC Mag Reader Survey

  8. 2005 PC Mag Reader Survey

  9. 2008

  10. 2010

  11. What Do Computers Do? • Computers perform 4 general operations: • Input • Processing (math / logical) • Output • Storage

  12. Input Devices • Keyboards • Mouse Others?

  13. Other Input Devices

  14. Output Devices • Printers • Impact • Daisy wheel • Dot matrix • Non-impact • Laser • Ink jet

  15. Laser Printer

  16. Output Devices • Display Devices (monitors or screens)

  17. Monitors • CRT vs. LCD • MONOCHROME vs. Color • Pixels • 640 x 480 VGA • 800 x 600 super VGA • 1024 x 768 “ “ • 1280 x 1024 “ “

  18. Pixel

  19. System Unit

  20. System Unit

  21. ASUS A7N266 • Processor: • AMD Athlon XP1900+ OEM • RAM: • 256MB PC2700 DDR • Video: • ATI Radeon 9100 64MB Retail • Sound, Network • On board • Communications: • US Robotics 56K V90 PCI • CD-RW: • Lite-On LTR-52246S • Monitor: • Samsung 700NF • Hard Drive: • Seagate Barracuda ATA V 60GB • TOTAL: $650

  22. Processor Unit • Consists of two parts: • Central processing unit (CPU) • Main computer memory (ram)

  23. Memory • Main computer memory • Random access memory • RAM • Measured in bytes (chars) • KiloBytes 1000 • MegaBytes 1 million • GigaBytes 1 billion

  24. 1 bit 2 bits 3 bits 4 bits 0 1 00 01 10 11 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Bit Permutations Each additional bit doubles the number of possible permutations

  25. Auxiliary Storage • Storage of data and programs when not stored in main memory

  26. Storage devices • 1. Floppy disks A. Magnetic disks 3. Hard disks • 2. Zip disks

  27. Hard Drives (Fixed Drives) • Capacity measured in megabytes or terabytes • Size to 5TB

  28. Disk, Track, Sector • Track. • A ring on a disk where data can be written. • Sector. • The smallest unit that can be accessed on a disk.

  29. Storage devices • 2. DVDs • B. Optical Disks • 1. CD s

  30. CD-ROM • Compact disk-read only memory • 600 meg • 22K tracks • Software distributed on CD • Multimedia software • CD-recorders available • Read and write to them

  31. Storage devices • C. Tape • D. Miniature Storage Media

  32. Computer Software • -System software • Operating system • Diagnostic • Application software • Word processing • Spreadsheets • Database management • Business payroll, etc. • Games, et. Al.

  33. Windows Version • Graphical user interface (GUI). • Uses graphics and text to communicate with user. (Contrast with DOS prompt). • Windows 3.1, 3.11. • A GUI. • Not an operating system. • DOS is still required. • Windows 98, XP, Vista, 7 • An operating system. • Includes a GUI.

  34. Communications • Transmission of data over communications channel such as telephone lines

  35. Communications Equipment • Computers process data using digital signals. • Telephone equipment uses an analog signal. • Modem. • Converts the digital signals of a computer to an analog signal and vice versa. • Data can be transferred from one computer to another using the telephone lines.

  36. Internet Service Provider • ISP • provide subscribers with software necessary for communications • Dixie-Net • CrossRoads • Network One

  37. The Internet • The network of worldwide computers. • World wide web (WWW). • Allows users to use text, graphics, video and sound from other web sites on the internet. • Browsers. • Allow users to browse volumes of information from computers around the world. • Netscape navigator, internet explorer.

  38. Networks • LAN • Local Area Network • Computers in Same Buildings or Close Buildings Connected Through Cables.

  39. WAN • WAN (Wide Area Network) • Computers Connected Thorough Communications Channels Such As Telephone Wires, Microwaves, Etc.

  40. Computer Viruses • A computer program designed to infect computer systems by copying itself into other computer files. • The virus program spreads when infected files are executed on host and perhaps copied to another system. • Installing an anti-virus program on your computer. • An anti-virus program activates when the computer is turned on.

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