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Internal Forces of Change

Internal Forces of Change. Types of Boundaries. Convergent Come together Divergent Pull apart Transform Slide past each other. http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/plates1.html. http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/egeo/animations/ch2.htm#9. Convergent Boundaries. Subduction

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Internal Forces of Change

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  1. Internal Forces of Change

  2. Types of Boundaries • Convergent • Come together • Divergent • Pull apart • Transform • Slide past each other http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/plates1.html http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/egeo/animations/ch2.htm#9

  3. Convergent Boundaries • Subduction • One plate dives beneath another • Forms volcanic mountains • Accretion • As one plate slides beneath another, a trench is formed • Overriding plate scrapes off the subducted plate, leveling off undersea mountains and ridges • Folding • Two continental plates collide, forming mountains http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module04swf.swf http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/egeo/animations/ch2.htm#9

  4. Divergent Boundaries • Spreading • Two sea plates pull apart • Magma rises, creating ridges or undersea mountain ranges (“new” land) http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module04swf.swf http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/egeo/animations/ch2.htm#9

  5. Transform Boundaries • Fault • Crack in earth’s surface where two plates can slide past one another • When plates make a sudden, violent shift, earthquake! http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module04swf.swf http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/egeo/animations/ch2.htm#9

  6. External Forces of Change

  7. Weathering • Definition: The breaking down of rocks on the earth’s surface into smaller pieces. • Different from erosion! • No movement

  8. Physical Weathering • Caused by heat, water, ice, or pressure

  9. Frost Wedging

  10. Frost Heaving

  11. Plant Roots

  12. Burrowing of Animals

  13. Temperature Changes

  14. Chemical Weathering • Caused by chemical reactions. • Can be caused by water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, acid rain 1908 to 1969 Acid rain has eaten away this limestone statue.

  15. Water • Water weathers rock by dissolving it

  16. Oxygen • Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in a processes called oxidation • The product of oxidation is rust

  17. Acid Rain • Burning coal, oil and gas react chemically with water forming acids. • Acid rain causes very rapid chemical weathering

  18. animation

  19. Erosion • Definition: The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves pieces of rock and soil • Different from weathering! • Movement

  20. Water Erosion • Caused by fast-moving water such as rain, rivers, streams and oceans. Can eventually form a canyon or cliff (ocean). • Ex. Grand Canyon

  21. Water Erosion

  22. Wind Erosion • Caused by the movement of dust, sand and soil. Can create loess, a fertile soil carried by wind. • Ex. Great Plains

  23. Wind Erosion

  24. Glacial (Ice) Erosion • Caused by large pieces of ice moving across the earth’s surface. Can leave behind moraines (large piles of rock and debris). • Ex. Rocky Mountains

  25. Glacial Erosion

  26. http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/oceansci/animations.asp

  27. Water Cycle • Constant movement of water on earth. • Evaporation, condensation, precipitation • Amount of water on earth really never changes! http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/index.html

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