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Internal Forces of Change

Internal Forces of Change. Types of Boundaries. Convergent Come together Divergent Pull apart Transform Slide past each other. Plate Boundaries http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/plates1.html. Convergent Boundaries. Subduction One plate dives beneath another

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Internal Forces of Change

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  1. Internal Forces of Change

  2. Types of Boundaries • Convergent • Come together • Divergent • Pull apart • Transform • Slide past each other Plate Boundaries http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/plates1.html

  3. Convergent Boundaries • Subduction • One plate dives beneath another • Forms volcanic mountains • Accretion • As one plate slides beneath another, a trench is formed • Overriding plate scrapes off the subducted plate, leveling off undersea mountains and ridges • Folding • Two continental plates collide, forming mountains

  4. Divergent Boundaries • Spreading • Two plates pull apart • Land: Rift valley • Sea plates: • Magma rises, creating ridges or undersea mountain ranges (“new” land)

  5. Transform Boundaries • Fault • Crack in earth’s surface where two plates can slide past one another • When plates make a sudden, violent shift, earthquake! Plate Tectonics Gallery

  6. External Forces of Change

  7. Weathering • Definition: The breaking down of rocks on the earth’s surface into smaller pieces. • Different from erosion! • No movement

  8. Physical Weathering • Caused by heat, water, ice, or pressure

  9. Frost Wedging

  10. Frost Heaving

  11. Plant Roots

  12. Temperature Changes

  13. Chemical Weathering • Caused by chemical reactions. • Can be caused by water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, acid rain 1908 to 1969 Acid rain has eaten away this limestone statue.

  14. Water • Water weathers rock by dissolving it

  15. Oxygen • Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in a processes called oxidation • The product of oxidation is rust Weathering animations

  16. Acid Rain • Burning coal, oil and gas react chemically with water forming acids. • Acid rain causes very rapid chemical weathering

  17. Erosion • Definition: The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves pieces of rock and soil • Different from weathering! • Movement

  18. Water Erosion • Caused by fast-moving water such as rain, rivers, streams and oceans. Can eventually form a canyon or cliff (ocean). • Ex. Grand Canyon

  19. Water Erosion

  20. Wind Erosion • Caused by the movement of dust, sand and soil. Can create loess, a fertile soil carried by wind. • Ex. Great Plains

  21. Wind Erosion

  22. Glacial (Ice) Erosion • Caused by large pieces of ice moving across the earth’s surface. Can leave behind moraines (large piles of rock and debris). • Ex. Rocky Mountains

  23. Glacial Erosion

  24. Window Panes • Fold a piece of paper into 6 squares. • In 5 squares on the front, draw a picture or diagram (NO words) of the internal forces of change: • Subduction • Accretion • Faulting • Folding • Spreading • In 5 squares on the back, draw a picture or diagram (NO words) of the external forces of change. • Mechanical weathering • Chemical weathering • Wind erosion • Water erosion • Glacial erosion • I should be able to tell from looking at your picture what force of change it represents. DO NOT label!

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