1 / 31

The War Ends

This comprehensive overview details the significant battles and key events that marked the end of World War II, particularly in Europe and the Pacific. Highlighting crucial moments such as D-Day, the Battle of the Bulge, the Manhattan Project, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it underscores the complex factors leading to Germany's surrender on V-E Day and Japan's surrender on V-J Day. The creation of the United Nations is also addressed as a pivotal outcome of worldwide efforts to prevent future conflicts.

avonaco-williams
Télécharger la présentation

The War Ends

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The War Ends

  2. Key Terms • Hedgerows • Battle of the Bulge • V-E Day • Harry S. Truman • Iwo Jima • Napalm • Manhattan Project • V-J Day • United Nations • Charted • Nuremberg Trials

  3. The Third Reich Collapses • D-Day was a success • Many fields had hedgerows • Hedgerows-dirt walls covered with shrubs • They were built to separate cattle and crops • Germans could hide in them

  4. Third Reich Collapses • Tanks could not drive through them • Battle of the hedgerows ended June 25, 1944 • 2500 American bombers blew a hole in the German lines • August 23 Paris was liberated

  5. Battle of the Bulge • Hitler’s last desperate offensive • Wanted to cutoff supplies from Antwerp • December 16, 1944 • American defenders caught by surprise • Battle of the Bulge-As Germans raced west they caused a bulge outward in the Allies lines

  6. Battle of the Bulge • Germans surrounded the Americans at Bastogne • Bad weather grounded American planes • General Patton’s troops arrived quickly • Weather cleared Allied airpower struck the Germans

  7. Battle of the Bulge • On Christmas Eve-out of fuel and suffering heavy loses Germans stopped • Patton broke through German Lines • United States won the Battle January 8, 1945 • Germans had 100,000 causalities and lost many tanks and planes

  8. War Ends in Europe • Americans and British Liberate France • Soviets attack Germans in Russia • Germans driven back to Poland • February 25, 1945 Soviets 25 miles from Berlin

  9. War Ends in Europe • February 1945 American troops were at the Rhine River • April 16 Soviets on the outskirts of Berlin • April 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicide • V-E Day- Germany surrenders on May 8, 1945

  10. Japan is Defeated • President Roosevelt dies April 12, 1945 • Harry S. Truman- was vice president, becomes president • Although Germany surrendered, there was still war with Japan • Truman had to make many difficult decisions

  11. The Battle of Iwo Jima • November 24, 1944 bombs fell on Tokyo • B-29s flew for 1,500 miles • Needed a closed air base • Iwo Jima- island located halfway between Marianas and Japan

  12. Battle of Iwo Jima • Terrain was rugged with cliffs, ravines and caves • Japanese had build vast complex of bunkers • February 19. 1945 40,000 Marines land • Sank to the ankles in the soft volcanic ash

  13. Battle of Iwo Jima • Japanese artillery pounded the invaders • Marines used flame throwers and explosives on the bunkers • 6,800 Marines were killed • Admiral Nimitz wrote “uncommon valor was a common virtue

  14. Firebombing Japan • Curtis Lemay orders B-29s to drop napalm • Napalm-jellied gasoline designed to not only explode, but also start fires • If B-29s missed their target the fires would burn it

  15. Firebombing Japan • Firebombing very controversial • Killed many civilians • Curtis Lemay-thought it would destroy Japanese war production • March 9, 1945 Tokyo was firebombed • Firestorm started and sucked out all the air • Killed 80,000 people, burned 250,00 buildings

  16. Invasion of Okinawa • Despite firebombing Japan not surrendering • Okinawa invaded to prepare for invasion of Japan • Okinawa only 350 miles from Japan • 12,000 Americans died • June 22, 1945 Okinawa captured

  17. Terms of Surrender • Emperor urged government to surrender • America demanded unconditional surrender • Japanese wanted emperor to stay in power • Americans blamed emperor for the war

  18. The Manhattan Project • 1939 Leo Sziland learned Germans had split the atom • Worried Germans were working on a atomic bomb • Albert Einstein warns Roosevelt about the powerful bomb

  19. Manhattan Project • Roosevelt gathered scientist to study this • British scientists also working on the bomb • Manhattan Project- Americas secret plan to build a atomic bomb • 1942 built the first nuclear reactor

  20. Manhattan Project • Scientist organized secret lab to build atomic bomb • Los Alamos, New Mexico • Robert Oppenheimer detonates first atomic bomb on July 16, 1945

  21. Hiroshima and Nagasaki • William Leahy chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff opposed the bomb • Killed indiscriminately • He believe in economic blockade and bombing • Secretary of War Harry Stimson wanted to warn Japanese

  22. Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Stimson would let Japanese keep their emperor • Secretary of State James Byrnes wanted to drop it without warning to shock Japan • Truman was warned of massive casualties if U.S. invaded Japan

  23. Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Allies threatened Japan with “prompt and utter destruction” • August 6, 1945 the Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb • ‘Little boy” was dropped on Hiroshima and important industrial city

  24. Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Bomb destroys 63% of the city • Kills 80,00 to 120,000 people • Three days later bomb dropped on Nagasaki • Emperor orders government to surrender • V-J Day- August 15, 1945 Japan surrenders

  25. Creating the United Nations • Roosevelt believed a international political group could prevent another world war • 1944, 39 countries met to discuss the new organization • United Nations- UN a new international organization

  26. Creating the United Nations • General Assembly-every member had one vote • Security council would have 11 members • Five countries would be permanent members • United States, Soviet Union, China, Britain and France • Each member had veto power

  27. Creating the United Nations • April 25, 1945 United Nations was organized • Charter- constitution on how organization would be run • General Assembly given power to make resolutions • To choose non permanent members of the Security Council

  28. Creating United Nations • Investigate any international problem and propose settlements • Take actions to preserve peace • Ask members to use military force to uphold a UN resolution

  29. Putting Enemy on Trial • Allies declared their intention to punish German and Japanese leaders • United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union formed the IMT • International Military Tribunal • Held trials in Nuremberg Germany

  30. Putting Enemy on Trial • Nuremberg trials- 22 Nazi leaders were prosecuted • 3 were acquitted • Seven given prison sentences • 12 sentenced to death • Lasted till 1949- 24 sentenced to death, 107 given prison sentences

  31. Putting Enemy on Trial • IMT held in Tokyo • 25 Japanese leaders were charged • Allies did not indict the emperor • 7 sentenced to death, 18 to prison • War crimes trial was part of trying to build a better world

More Related