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Chapter 9 Communications and Networks

Chapter 9 Communications and Networks. TE-102 Introduction to Computing. http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/UG/TE-102/. Chapter 9 Objectives. Next. Discuss the components required for successful communications. Explain the purpose of communications software.

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Chapter 9 Communications and Networks

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  1. Chapter 9 • Communications and Networks TE-102 Introduction to Computing http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/UG/TE-102/

  2. Chapter 9 Objectives Next Discuss the components required for successful communications Explain the purpose ofcommunications software Identify various sendingand receiving devices Describe various types of lines for communications over the telephone network Describe uses of computer communications Describe commonly usedcommunications devices List advantages of using a network Discuss different ways to set upa home network Differentiate among client/server,peer-to-peer, and P2P networks Identify various physical and wireless transmission media Describe the various network communications technologies

  3. Communications notebookcomputers Web-enabledPDAs smartphones servers GPS receivers desktopcomputers mainframecomputers set-top boxes Tablet PCs Next • What are computercommunications? • Process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information via cables and wires or wirelessly with mainframe computers p. 9.02 Fig. 9-1

  4. Communications Sending device — initiates instruction to transmit data, instructions, or information Communications device — connects the sending device to the communications channel Communications channel — media on which data, instructions, or information travel Communications device — connects the communications channel to the receiving device Receiving device — accepts transmission of data, instructions, or information Next • What is needed for successful communications? p. 9.02

  5. Uses of Computer Communications Next • What are some uses of communications technology? Internet Web E-Mail InstantMessaging Chat Rooms Newsgroups FTP WebFolders VideoConferencing Fax Machine or Computer Fax/Modem p. 9.04

  6. Uses of Computer Communications Internet telephonyenables you to talk to other people over the Internet Sometimes calledVoice over IP Internet printing allows you to print to network printer from anywhere in the world Next • What are Internet telephony and Internet printing? p. 9.06

  7. Uses of Computer Communications Next • What are Web services? • Tools that enable programmers to create applications that run on Internet or internal network • One platform for implementing Web services isMicrosoft’s .NET p. 9.06 Fig. 9-4

  8. Uses of Computer Communications Next • What are collaboration and groupware? • Collaboration is working with other users connected to a server • Microsoft’s NetMeeting allows collaboration • Groupware is softwarethat allows peopleto shareinformation p. 9.07 Fig. 9-5

  9. Uses of Computer Communications Click to view video Click to view Web Link, then click GPS belowChapter 9 Next • What is a global positioning system (GPS)? Step 1.GPS satellites orbit Earth. Every thousandth of a second, each satellite sends a signal that indicates its current position to the GPS server. Step 2.A GPS receiver (such as in a car, a PDA, a watch, a handheld device, or a collar) determines its location on Earth by analyzing at least 3 separate satellite signals from the 24 satellites in orbit. p. 9.08 Fig. 9-7

  10. Uses of Computer Communications Next • What are voice mail and short message service (SMS)? • Voice mail is voice message converted to digital form • Short message service (SMS) allows smart phone, cellular telephone, or PDA users to send and receive text messages p. 9.10 Fig. 9-8

  11. Networks Next • What is a network? • Collection of computers and devices connected via communications devices and transmissionmedia p. 9.11 Fig. 9-9

  12. Networks Click to view Web Link, then click LAN belowChapter 9 Next • What is a local area network (LAN)? • Network in limited geographical area such as home or office building • Metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs in city or town p. 9.13 Fig. 9-10

  13. Networks Next • What is a wide area network (WAN)? • Network that covers large geographic area using many types of media • Internet is world’s largest WAN p. 9.14 Fig. 9-11

  14. Networks Next • What is a client/server network? • One or more computers act as server and other computers, or clients, access server p. 9.14 Fig. 9-12

  15. Networks Next • What is a peer-to-peer network? • Simple network that connects fewer than 10 computers • Each computer, or peer, has equal capabilities p. 9.15 Fig. 9-13

  16. Networks Click to view Web Link, then click P2P belowChapter 9 Next • What is Internet peer-to-peer (P2P)? • Enables users to connect to each other’s hard disks and exchange files directly p. 9.15 Fig. 9-14

  17. Networks Next • What is a bus network? • All computers and devices connect to central cable,or bus • Advantage: Easy to implement • Disadvantage: Bus traffic, Bus failure p. 9.16 Fig. 9-15

  18. Networks Next • What is a ring network? • Cable forms closed ring, or loop, with all computers and devices arranged along ring • Data travels from device to device around entire ring, in one direction • Advantage: Span a long distance. • Disadvantage: One node fail, all network down. p. 9.16 Fig. 9-16

  19. Networks Next • What is a star network? • All devices connect to a central device, called hub • All data transferred from one computer to another passes through hub • Advantage: Easy to install • Disadvantage: If the hub fail, the network became inoperable p. 9.17 Fig. 9-17

  20. Network Communication Standards Click to view Web Link, then click Ethernetbelow Chapter 9 Next • What are Ethernet and token ring? • Ethernet technology allows computers to contend for access to network • If two computers send data at same time, a collision occurs and computers must send again Token ring technology controls access to network by requiring devices to pass a special signal, calledtoken p. 9.17

  21. Network Communication Standards Next • What are TCP/IP and 802.11? • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) technology transmits data by breaking it up into small pieces, or packets • Commonly used for Internet transmissions • 802.11 is family of standards for wireless LANs p. 9.18 Fig. 9-18

  22. Network Communication Standards Next • What is Bluetooth? • Short-range radio waves transmitdatabetweenBluetoothdevices p. 9.18 Fig. 9-19

  23. Network Communication Standards Click to view video Click to view Web Link, then click WAPbelow Chapter 9 Next What are IrDA and Wireless Applications Protocol (WAP)? IrDAspecification allows data to be transferred wirelessly via infrared light waves Wireless Applications Protocol (WAP)allow wireless mobile devices to access Internet p. 9.19

  24. Networks Extranet allows customers or suppliers to access part of company’s intranet Makes information accessible to employees Typically includes connection to Internet Internal network that uses Internet technologies Next • What is an intranet? p. 9.19

  25. Communications Software Programs that help users establish connection to Internet, other network, or another computer Programs that help users manage transmission of data, instructions, and information Programs that provide an interface for users to communicate with one another Next • What is communications software? p. 9.20

  26. Communications Over the Telephone Network Next • What is the public switched telephone network (PSTN)? • Worldwide telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls p. 9.22 Fig. 9-22

  27. Communications Over the Telephone Network Next • What is a dial-up line? • Temporary connection using telephone line for communications • Costs no more than making regular call • Computers at any two locations can establish a connection using modems and telephone network p. 9.22 Fig. 9-23

  28. Communications Over the Telephone Network Next • What is a dedicated line? • Always-on connection between two communications devices • Four types are ISDN line, DSL, T-carrier line, and ATM p. 9.23 Fig. 9-24

  29. Communications Over the Telephone Network Click to view Web Link, then click DSLbelow Chapter 9 Next • What is an ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line)? • Popular type of DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) • Faster when receiving data than when sending data • Ideal for Internet access p. 9.24 Fig. 9-25

  30. Communications Devices ISDN and DSL modems send and receive data from ISDN and DSL lines Common types are dial-up modems, ISDN and DSL modems, cable modems, network cards, wireless access points, routers, and hubs Next • What are examples of communications devices? p. 9.24

  31. Communications Devices Click to view Web Link, then click Dial-Up Modemsbelow Chapter 9 Next • What is a dial-up modem? • Converts digital signals to analog signals and vice versa • Notebook computers often use PC Card modem p. 9.25 Figs. 9-26–9-27

  32. Communications Devices Next • What are ISDN and DSL modems? Communications devices that send and receive digital ISDN and DSL signals Usually external devices in which one end connects to a telephone line and the other end connects to a port on the system unit p. 9.26

  33. Communications Devices Next • What is a cable modem? • Sends and receives data over cable television network • Much faster than dial-up modem or ISDN • Sometimes called a broadband modem p. 9.26 Fig. 9-28

  34. Communications Devices Next • What is a network card? • Adapter card or PC Card that enables computer or device to access network • Sometimes called network interface card (NIC) p. 9.27 Fig. 9-29

  35. Communications Devices Next • What is a wireless access point? • Central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to wired network p. 9.27 Fig. 9-30

  36. Communications Devices Click to view Web Link, then click Routersbelow Chapter 9 Next • What is a router? • Connects computers and transmits data to correct destination on network • Routers forward data on Internet using fastest available path p. 9.28 Fig. 9-31

  37. Communications Devices Click to view animation Next • What is a hub? • Device that provides central point for cables in network p. 9.28 Fig. 9-32

  38. Home Networks Click to view Web Link, then click Home Networksbelow Chapter 9 Next • What is a home network? • Multiple computers connected in home • Several types of home networks • Ethernet — connect computers via cable • Powerline cable — use electrical lines in house • Phoneline — use telephone lines • HomeRF (radio frequency) — wireless p. 9.29 Fig. 9-33

  39. Communications Channel Next • What is a channel? • Transmission media on which data travels in communications system Transmission mediaare materials capable of carrying one or more signals Bandwidthis amount of data that can travel over channel p. 9.31

  40. Communications Channel Next • How is a request sent over the Internet using a communications channel? Step 1.The sending device requests information using either a physical transmission media or a wireless transmission media. Step 2.When the request leaves the ISP, it travels over T1 lines, microwave stations, earth-based stations, and communications satellites until it reaches the Internet backbone. Step 3.The request travels over T3 lines along the Internet backbone. Step 4.The Request travels over T1 lines until it reaches the destination network server. p. 9.31 Fig. 9-34

  41. Physical Transmission Media Transfer Rates for Various Types of LANs Using Physical Transmission Media Next • What is physical transmission media? • Wire, cable, and other tangible materials used to send communications signals p. 9.32 Fig. 9-35

  42. Physical Transmission Media Next • What are twisted-pair cable and coaxial cable? • Twisted-pair cable is used for telephone systems and network cabling • Coaxial cable is often used for cable television wiring p. 9.32 Fig. 9-36—9-37

  43. Physical Transmission Media Next • What is fiber-optic cable? • Capable of carrying significantly more data at faster speeds than wire cables • Less susceptible to interference (noise) and, therefore, more secure • Smaller size (thinner and lighter) p. 9.33 Fig. 9-38

  44. Wireless Transmission Media Next • What is wireless transmission media? • Used when inconvenient, impractical, or impossible to install cables • Includes Bluetooth and IrDA p. 9.33 Fig. 9-39

  45. Wireless Transmission Media Click to view Web Link, then click Cellular Communicationsbelow Chapter 9 Next • What are broadcast radio and cellular radio? • Broadcast radio distributes radio signals over long and short distances • Cellular radio is form of broadcast radio used for mobile communications p. 9.34 Fig. 9-40

  46. Wireless Transmission Media Next • What is a microwave station? • Earth-based reflective dish used for microwave communications • Must transmit in straight line with no obstructions p. 9.35 Fig. 9-41

  47. Wireless Transmission Media Next • What is a communications satellite? • Space station that receives microwave signals from earth-based station, amplifies signals, and broadcasts signals back to any number of earth-based stations p. 9.36 Fig. 9-42

  48. Summary of Communications and Networks Communications terminology and applications Various communications devices, media, and procedures How to join computers into a network Chapter 9 Complete

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