Communication

1. Communication

2. Verbal communication • Oral communication • Written communication Non verbal communication • Body language: Kinesics • Language of Space and Distance: Proxemics

3. Language of visual signs. egs. Charts, Tables, Road signs etc. • Language of sound signals.egs. Bell, siren, alarm • Language of audio-visual signals.egs. Sniff, puff, snort • Non-vocal features: study of duration, nasalization, loudness and stress

4. Actions Speak Louder than Words ‘What often happens in any relationship is that language itself becomes a mask and a means of clouding and confusing the relationship. If the spoken language is stripped away and the only communication left is body language, the truth will find some way of poling through. Spoken language itself is a great obscurer” • Body Language, Julius Fast, MJF books, 1970

5. Body Language • The use of body parts is to convey inner feelings, intentions or to convey message. • It acts as an effective means of communication of the personality traits • Use BL that can be interpreted correctly by the people- • Use BL that suit the situation • Use BL to reinforce your oral communication

6. Body language is the study of • Physical appearance • Postures • Facial expressions • Eye gestures/contacts • Gestures with hands and feet • Kinesics &Culture

7. Physical appearance • Dress reflects ones personality. • A visual means of creating impression on the people • It includes • clothing, ornaments, accessories, logos and footwear. • Grooming the hair, beard and moustache • Make up with powders, creams and perfumes

8. Dress as body language ( formal situations-fitting the occasion- job interview; meetings;) • Dressing up as per the status( designation , position, gender, dress code stipulated by the organization) • Dressing up as per the occasion ( colourful during wedding & sober & gloomy during condolence meeting) • Dress & fashion ( prevailing fashion should boost & not erode the personality image, status, and social élan of a person)

9. Economic affordability (‘Cut your cloth according to the cloth’- not expensive but well tailored, clean, ironed, befitting& appropriate) • Integrative dressing up ( height, weight & complexion ; matching & complimenting one another)

10. Different forms of dressing National dress Ceremonial dress Formal dress Informal dress Uniform Professional Lounge suit Combination Party wear Morning & evening wear Casual wear Working class

11. Casuals

12. Formals

13. Posture • Stand / sit straight • Chin upright • Legs moving freely from waist • confident & never be dissuaded • appears dynamic • can have control over the crowd

14. Walking up and down suggests anger & perplexity • A tensed body in a ‘military-set up ‘ suggests submission to ‘authority’ • Relaxed body suggests control of the other • Postures of female body are assumed to communicate shades of beauty and grace

15. Facial expression • Face is the index of the mind • Innumerable feelings • Transparent expressions of • Thought & Genuine feelings • Deliberate suppression of them

16. ‘ Some times facial expressions are pretentious • Facial expression can • Move to sympathy • Deceive by manipulation “One can smile and smile and be a villain” -Shakespeare

17. Facial language Anger • Pursed lips • Fixed gaze • Contracted eye brows Fear • Parted lips • Lowered eyes • Expanded eyebrows

18. Surprise • Dilated eyes • Expanded eyebrows • Loosely parted lips Sorrow • Contracted eyelids • Closed lips • Engaging eyeballs Joy • Elevated upper lip • Bared teeth • Expansive displacement of muscles around mouth • Smiling eyes

19. Disgust /hatred • Serious face • Stiffened muscles • Fixed gaze

20. Eye contact • Eye is the window of the soul • Eye contact is a must • Firm looks can control/ manipulate /direct • Fixed gaze suggest involvement or wonder/disapproval • Raised looks show dominance • Downcast looks suggest weakness/ submission • Direct eye contact conveys honesty, transparency, neutral attitude (for interviews)

21. Gestures • Movement of limbs • A wave of the hand-beckon/reject/good buy/refusal • Raised/lowered thumb/index finger • closed fist • Looking straight • A handshake • Moving of the head

22. AVOID NEGATIVE HAND MESSEGES LIKE • Running fingers through hair, biting fingernails, • Wringing hands, adjusting tie (nervous), • Touching nose or face, clasping hands behind head • Rubbing back of your neck (untrustworthy or defensive).

23. Kinesics &Culture • Gestures are culture based • A wave of hand mean • Formal greeting as hello or bye • Informal greetings accompanied with smile and a ‘hi’ • Hand Folded mean greetings accompanied with terms namaste/vanakkam • Looking straight confidence &transparency in west • Immodest in Arabia • Moving head side ways is disapproval in India but approval in west

24. Looking straight in the eye - for westerners a mark of refinement; communicates honesty , transparency and neutral attitude - needed for one during interview - For eastern people (Arabians) avoiding eye contact and looking else where is a mark of modesty especially for women

25. Hand shake Signifies ones personality and intention • Limp response suggests inferiority and lack of confidence Moving of head side ways • Disaproval for eastern people • Acceptance for western people

26. Haptics • The study of touch and interpretations is called haptics western people do not like being touched above fore arms Arabs greet and express intimacy, embracing with warmth

27. Time and space are culture specific. • Promptness and punctuality at meetings etc. are most essential for business transaction with westerners • People in east prefer relaxed time Proxemics The study of the use of space to communicate meaning is called as proxemics Standing far away expresses disregard for westerners while it is a mark of respect in east

28. ActivitiesComment on the following pictures

31. Practice using appropriate body language Activity 1 • A Excuse me. Can you take a picture of me ? • B Yeah, sure. • A Just press that button. • B Er, which one ? • A The one on the top. • B OK, right. Er.... can you move back a bit. • A Is this OK? • B Fine, now smile. That’s it. Very nice. • A Thanks. • B Not at all. You’ve got a lovely smile. Er... fancy a drink ? • A OK, but I’ve got no money on me. • B That’s OK. I’ll pay.

32. Activity 2 • A: Have you seen my book? I can’t remember where I put it. B: Which one? A: The murder mystery. The one you borrowed. B: Is this it? A: No. It’s the one you borrowed. B. I did not! A: Maybe it’s under the chair. Can you look? B: OK--just give me a minute. A: How long are you going to be? B: Geez, why so impatient? I hate when you get bossy. A: Forget it. I’ll find it myself. B: Wait—I found it! 

33. Mime a meeting of two people from different countries clearly bringing out the embarrassment caused by gestures ------------------------------------------------------------------- Enact/comment Boss- (with wrinkled forehead, baring all the teeth) What the hell do you mean when you come ten minutes late? You have kept us all waiting! Are you the boss or am I? Secretary-Sorry, Sir, For having kept you waiting. But you sent me a few minutes ago to fetch these application forms. I had to search a while before getting all of them. I had to walk down from that block three building away. Really sorry to have delayed the interview.

34. Boss: (with legs crossed and feet tapping the floor) Well it’s OK . Who is John? • Candidate: (Standing up 15 feet away) Yes, Sir I am here. • Boss: Come and stand here.