1 / 33

Assessment

Assessment. KNR 451. Fitness Assessment. Assessment of health-related fitness Field or lab testing Assessment of specific bioenergetic or metabolic factors Laboratory testing. Assessing “fitness” of metabolic pathways with lab testing. More specific than health-fitness testing

ayanna
Télécharger la présentation

Assessment

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Assessment KNR 451

  2. Fitness Assessment • Assessment of health-related fitness • Field or lab testing • Assessment of specific bioenergetic or metabolic factors • Laboratory testing

  3. Assessing “fitness” of metabolic pathways with lab testing • More specific than health-fitness testing • Determines “rate-limiting” or “weakest link” factors • Leads to more valid training programs

  4. ATP production pathways • Assuming the athlete performs at an optimal pace to complete the event in the shortest time possible (Adams, 2002): • Strength/power (< 15 sec.) • Power/endurance (15 – 30 sec.) • Mixed endurance (1 –2 min.) • Cardiorespiratory endurance (2 + min.)

  5. Bioenergetic Fitness and Sport • Sports that benefit from testing the specific ATP production pathways are the ones that rely on each pathway. • Strength/Power • Power-endurance • Mixed Endurance • Cardiorespiratory endurance

  6. ATP Pathway-specific tests • See Table 1.3 on page 7

  7. Measurement Terms • Mass – quantity of matter in an object. Equal to weight in most cases. (kg) • Force – a component of work • Work = F X D • Power = W/T (also, work rate, power output) • Energy (metabolic) = in aerobic activities, often determined by oxygen cost of an activity

  8. Cycle Ergometer • Calculations of work, power, energy: • Work: F (kg) X D (m/rev) = kgm • Power: F (kg) X D (m/rev) / T (rev/min) • = kgm.min-1 • Oxygen cost or metabolic energy can be calculated from work rate (power output): • VO2 = 1.8 (work rate).M-1 + 7

  9. Treadmill • F and D related to speed and grade • Work rate or power on TM usually expressed as energy output or oxygen cost • VO2walking = 0.1 (speed) + 1.8 (speed) (frac. grade) + 3.5 • VO2running = 0.2 (speed) + 0.9 (speed) (frac. grade) + 3.5

  10. Assessing VO2max • Single best estimate of CR Fitness • Amount of oxygen consumed depends upon: • Ability to transport oxygen • Ability to extract/use oxygen • FICK equation = HR X SV X a-vO2difference

  11. Assessing VO2max • Gold Standard: • Direct Measurement using metabolic equipment and maximal testing • Prediction of maximal VO2: • submaximal tests using HR, time, other • maximal tests (w/o measuring respiratory gases) using maximal workload achieved

  12. Gold Standard – Direct Measure • Maximal testing on appropriate equipment • GXT to exhaustion • Respiratory and Metabolic Equipment (see Chap. 15, pgs. 188-191) • Measures volume of air breathed (spirometry) and metabolic gases • Compares difference in fractions of O2 and CO2 in inspired and expired air • Oxygen (20.93% vs. 14.5 – 18.5%) • CO2 (0.03 – 0.04 vs. 2.5 – 5.5%)

  13. Metabolic Equipment • Mouthpiece/noseclip • Allow air in, prevent air loss • O2 and CO2 analyzer • Connecting hoses

  14. Open Circuit Spirometry • In open-circuit spirometry, the subject breathes room air in and is thus “OPEN” to the environment • Expired air is prevented from leaving the mouthpiece through a valve • The % of O2 and CO2 in inspired and expired air is evaluated by the analyzers to determine O2 use and CO2 production

  15. Metabolic Equipment Calibration • Evaluate analyzers ability to detect gases of known composition • Most metabolic equipment uses autocalibration

  16. Was it really maximal? • Maximal oxygen consumption = single highest oxygen consumption elicited among different modes of exercise • Peak oxygen consumption = highest oxygen consumption for a specific type of exercise • ~ 5-10% lower on TM than on cycle • Related to involved muscle mass and type of training

  17. VO2max Criteria • Plateau of oxygen consumption and HR despite an increase in power level! • No greater than 150 mL.min-1 • RER > 1.05 or more • High Blood Lactate (> 8 mM) • RPE > 17 or 8 • Reaching a previously MEASURED max HR • Failure of HR to rise with increased intensity • Subject exhaustion

  18. Predicting VO2max • Maximal Prediction Tests • Test to exhaustion, but no metabolic equipment • Final work rate used to estimate VO2max • Submaximal Prediction Tests • Based on relationship between VO2max and: • Time or distance of walking/running • Heart rate

  19. Predicting VO2max – Submax tests Lineof best fit • Regression line transforms to a regression equation • SEE = Deviation from the predicted scores (< 15%)

  20. Test Validity • Ability of a test to accurately predict a fitness component • Compare results from prediction test to gold standard test • Correlation > 0.80 is acceptable

  21. Validity R = 0.81

  22. Reliability • Does the fitness test provide the same or similar scores consistently? • Good test-retest reliability = > 0.80 • Direct VO2max measurement tests – reliability is > 0.95 • SE = 2.5 to 5%

  23. Common Prediction Tests • Step Tests • Validity from .46 to .66 • Standard error of estimate (SEE) between 12-15% • Cycle ergometer tests • Validity range from .34 to .94 (average = .64) • SEE between 15 – 20 %

  24. Interpreting Data • Norms vs. standards • Norms – comparative • Standards – desirable or recommended score

  25. General Testing Procedures • PAR-Q, Medical history, Informed Consent • Explanation of Procedures • Testing area – clean, quiet, private, 70-74º • Recording Form • Calculator

  26. General Testing Procedures • Resting measures • Best to sit for 5 minutes • Check to ensure all equipment is calibrated and working

  27. General Testing Procedures • Name, date, time of test, age, gender • Height or stature • record to nearest 0.1cm or ¼ in. • No shoes • Face away from scale • Weight or mass • Minimal clothing • Facing scale • Record to nearest ¼ lb. or .02 kg

  28. Exercise Testing Procedures • Have paper towels/towel nearby • Familiarize with treadmill • Straddle belt when starting • Provide a warm-up and cool-down • Provide encouragement • Use signals to communicate • Keep subject at front of treadmill • Keep sphygmomanometer from underneath TM • At end of test, reduce speed and grade immediately (subject may need to straddle belt)

  29. Termination Criteria • Subject asks to stop • SBP > 260/115 mm Hg or drop in SBP • Dizziness, nausea, extreme SOB • Wheezing • Pain of any kind • MONITOR SUBJECT AT ALL TIMES!!

  30. Karvonen • 220 –age = APMHR • APMHR – RHR = HRR (heart rate reserve) • HRR X 50 – 85% + RHR = Target range

  31. Maximal HR method • 220 – age or 208 - .7(age) = APMHR • APMHR X 50-90%

  32. VO2R Method • VO2max – Resting VO2 = VO2R • VO2R X 50-85% + Rest VO2 = target

  33. Abstract • See Chapter 1, pgs. 14 to 16 • 250 words or less

More Related