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History of True Color Satellite Imagery True Color Imagery from JPSS/VIIRS and GOES-R/ABI

History of True Color Satellite Imagery True Color Imagery from JPSS/VIIRS and GOES-R/ABI CIRA Satellite Team September 2012. History of true-color from geostationary orbit. 1967—1974/75 MSSCC (Multicolor Spin-Scan Cloudcover Camera) on ATS-3 (Applications Technology Satellite)

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History of True Color Satellite Imagery True Color Imagery from JPSS/VIIRS and GOES-R/ABI

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  1. History of True Color Satellite Imagery True Color Imagery from JPSS/VIIRS and GOES-R/ABI CIRA Satellite Team September 2012

  2. History of true-color from geostationary orbit • 1967—1974/75 • MSSCC (Multicolor Spin-Scan Cloudcover Camera) on ATS-3 (Applications Technology Satellite) • (True-color was only available for the first 3 months.) • ~2015 launch • ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager) on GOES-R • (Green only as synthesized from Red, Blue, and Near IR bands) • ~2014 launch • Modified ABI on Japanese MTSat-3 (Multi-functional Transport Satellite) • (Green directly available, along with Red and Blue bands)

  3. The Multicolor Spin Scan Cloud Camera (MSSCC) on ATS-3 (launched 5 November 1967) produced striking portraits of entire continents such as this view of South America (~ 4 km resolution @ nadir)

  4. History of true-color from polar orbit • 1997 — 2010 • SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) on SeaStar / OrbView-2 satellite • 1999 —> • MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on EOS-Terra and EOS-Aqua satellites • October 2011 launch • VIIRS (Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite) on NPP and future JPSS series satellites

  5. Visible/reflective RGB bandson current and future satellites Missing Green band: This is the challenge for generating high-temporal resolution true-color imagery over the U.S. for the foreseeable future.

  6. GOES-R Launched November 2011 To be launched end of 2015 Suomi-NPP

  7. GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) • Increased resolution • temporal • spatial • spectral • radiometric • Better navigation

  8. ABI Current Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands Spatial resolution at nadir 0.64 mm Visible 0.5 km Approx. 1 km Other Vis/near-IR1.0 & 2.0 km n/a SW, WV & LW IR2.0 km Approx. 4 km ABI Spectral/Spatial Resolution

  9. ABI Visible/Near-IR Bands Note: No green band ! Schmit et al, 2005

  10. ABI IR Bands Schmit et al, 2005

  11. VIIRS Bands and Bandwidths

  12. First Global VIIRS True Color RGB Image 22Nov2011 / VIIRS RGB: Blue = M02 (0.445 µm), Green=M04 (0.555 µm), Red=M05 (0.672 µm) VIIRS single granule is 84.2 seconds long, or about 556 km along track Size: 550 km x 3000 km (based on altitude of 833 km)-completely covers the Earth with no gaps M-Band: 768x3200 / I-Band: 1536x6400 48 scans, each with 16 detectors, for a total of 768 lines, constant resolution along scan

  13. VIIRS True Color RGB full CONUS Suomi NPP VIIRS true color imagery, composited from three consecutive daytime passes on 17 June 2012, shows the continental United States and surroundings in vivid color detail (uses M3, M4,M5).

  14. B R Vegetation Response, Reflectance 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Wavelength True Color for GOES-R ABI True Color Conventional Visible • True color is the preferred format for basic satellite imagery presented at all circles (research, operations, and the general public) because of its intuitive appeal. • Currently, only polar satellite systems offer true color capability, resulting in superb imagery but at poor temporal refresh. • GOES-R series ABI’s omission of the critical 0.55 m (Green) band precludes a native true color ability. • A data fusion algorithm has been developed to ‘synthesize’ the missing Green band1, allowing for approximate true color imagery from the GOES-R ABI. • The algorithm has been demonstrated on NWP-based simulated ABI imagery2. 1Miller et al., IJRS, 2011 (In Press) 2 Hillger et al., JARS, 2011 (DOI:10.1117/1.3576112)

  15. (ABI) G = F (B,R,NIR) B,R,NIR Synthetic Green Algorithm “Synthetic Green” (MODIS) 100 B,G,R,NIR NIR 0 LUT 100 R 0 0 B 100 • Begin with a sensor (MODIS) providing Blue (B), Green (G), Red (R), and Near-Infrared (NIR; 865 nm) information • Create a Look-Up-Table of G reflectance as a function of B, R, and NIR based on a global dataset (pre-corrected for Rayleigh scatter) • Synthesis Step: Consult the Look-Up-Table with new Blue/Red/NIR to estimate G • Use B, R, and the estimated G to produce a true color image

  16. Schematic for generating missing (synthetic) Green and RGB images for GOES-R ABI Step 1: Green from Red, Near-IR, and Blue bands, using a MODIS-trained LUT*. Step 2: RGB from Red, Green, and Blue bands. *Synthetic-Green is produced using a Look Up Table (LUT) trained on MODIS imagery, which includes the necessary Red, Green, Near-IR, and Blue bands.

  17. Simulated Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) data from GOES-R turned into true-color imagery by synthesizing the Green band from the Red, Blue, and Near-IR bands of ABI. Animation at 5 minute ABI temporal resolution

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