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Beta Beam baseline (FP6 EURISOL-DS)

Isotope production dedicated to the betabeams Thierry.Stora@cern.ch ISOLDE Target and Ion source team. Beta Beam baseline (FP6 EURISOL-DS). n -beam to Frejus. SPL. Decay ring B r ~ 500 Tm B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m L ss = ~2500 m 6 He: g = 100 18 Ne: g = 100. Ion production.

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Beta Beam baseline (FP6 EURISOL-DS)

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  1. Isotope production dedicated to the betabeamsThierry.Stora@cern.chISOLDE Target and Ion source team

  2. Beta Beam baseline (FP6 EURISOL-DS) n-beam to Frejus SPL Decay ring Br ~ 500 Tm B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m 6He: g = 100 18Ne: g = 100 Ion production ISOL target SPS Neutrino Source Decay Ring 60 GHz pulsed ECR PS Linac, 100 MeV 280 GeV RCS, 1.7 GeV A « neutrino factory » concept introduced about 10 years ago P. Zuchelli, Phys Lett B (2002) 2

  3. Production of 6He 2.9 1019ne (6 10136He/s out of target for 2 yrs) 9Be(n,a)6He EURISOL RTD report (2003) ENDF/EXFOR cross sections

  4. How does 1013 isotope/s compare to present ISOL facilities ? • Beams of 1012ions/s are documented at TRIUMF and CERN-ISOLDE • This corresponds to ~1013/s (neutral) isotopes from target • Yes.

  5. Production of 1-10MeV neutrons for Radioisotopes Original idea: J. Nolen, Report to Users of ATLAS, ANL, USA, 1995 Has been used routinely for ~ 10 years at CERN ISOLDE with High Z converter (W) with 0.8Hz, average 3kW 1.4 GeV protons

  6. Optimization of 6He production • MCNPx, N. Thiollieres et al., CEA (EURISOL-TN-03) • 2 10136He/s 100kW, 1 GeV proton beam • 10146He/s 200kW, 2 GeV proton beam 1MeV Optim. For 2GeV Ø3cm , 24cm Ø3cm , 15cm s(beam)=6mm; d(BeO)=50%

  7. Heat load on H2O-cooled W conv. 35 kW deposited S. Marzari We might want to further evolve this concept: H2O-cooled W slices like ISIS target

  8. Experiment on 6He production/release Isotope On-Line Mass Separator HRS GPS Protons 1.4GeV HRS

  9. Tests done with 1.4GeV p at CERN-ISOLDE (2009) 80 porous BeO pellets 1.4 GeV from PSB p-n W converter 1+ FEBIAD ion source, cold line for Noble Gases Release efficiency operation temperature outgasing materials compatibility ageing, etc… >85% released t1/2 CERN, GANIL, Soreq/Weizman, Bratislava

  10. 100-200kW target operation range TRIUMF (Canada) operates ISOL Radioisotope beamsat 0.5GeV, 40kW, cw protons with 1 target / month ISIS (RAL, UK) operates W/Ta proton to neutron converter at 0.8GeV,160kW, 50Hz (10ms) for 300 days

  11. ISIS target station (140kW, 0.8GeV p) This needs adaptation for target station for ISOL production

  12. Production of 18Ne ions for ne Production of 1019ne Out of the target 1 101318Ne/s for 8 years M. Loiselet, S. Mitrofanov Validated at 9kW at LLN. Needs ~ 100mA, 3He 21MeV, Ø60cm target

  13. A new proposal in 2009 Inspired from 18F production for PET imaging: 19F(p,2n)18Ne : threshold 16MeV, peak at 1.6mbarn @ 30MeV (M. Loiselet, S. Mitrofanov) 24Mg(p,ap2n)18Ne : threshold 39 MeV, cross-sections ? 27Al(p,X)18Ne : ~ 4 mbarn @ 50-70 MeV (Lanulas-Solar, 1988&1992) 100 mbarn 10 T. Stora 1

  14. TALYS production code benchmarking A.J. Koning, S. Hilaire and M.C. Duijvestijn, „TALYS-1.0“, Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, April 22-27, 2007, Nice, France, editors O.Bersillon, F.Gunsing, E.Bauge, R.Jacqmin, and S.Leray, EDP Sciences, 2008, p. 211-214. M. C. Lagunas-Solar in Proc. Of the IAEA consultants' meeting in data requirements for Mediacal radioisotope production, INDC(NDS)-195/GZ, 1988, p.55 www.NEA.fr

  15. Diffusion chamber for Pb/Bi Experimental program at IPUL (Institute of Physics of the university of Latvia) has shown the feasibility of a molten Pb/Bi « shower » to accomodate a 100 kW 1GeV incoming proton beam Liquid-metal loop setup at IPUL: Final Report EURISOL DS, 2009 (E. Noah et al.)

  16. Production of 18Ne ions for e • Selection of a suitable eutectic comprising Na and F nuclei : NaF : melting point at ca 1000°C D. F. Williams, Assessment of Candidate Molten Salt Coolants for the NGNP/NHI Heat-Transfer loop, ORNL/TM-2006/69, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (2006)

  17. Scaling of the irradiation chamber For DT = 100°C, Cp= 1.17 J/g K, We need 2.7 L/s Window is 360 cm2 , eg 15*24 cm Compatible material (Ni, Cr, Mo, Fe) up to 1000°C : Hastaloy N 7.5cm 15cm 24cm J. A. Lane, H. G. MacPherson, F. Maslan, Fluid Fuel Reactor, Chapter 13, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. (1958)

  18. Scaling of the irradiation chamber Cooling of the window (10kW for 0.5 mm thickness) is done with the circulating molten salt. Heat transfer coef estimates are available between circulating salt and Hastaloy N structural material 7.5cm 15cm M. D. Silverman, W. R. Huntley, H. E. Robertson, ORNL/TM-5335 24cm

  19. Production of 18Ne ions for e • Scaling of the diffusion chamber E. Noah @ IPUL Lab, Molten Pb/Bi EURISOL DS M. Fujioka , Y. Arai, Diffusion of Radioisotopes from Solids in the form of Foils, Fibers and Particles, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 186 (1981) 409 D = 2-4 10-5 cm2/s for Kr and Xe D estimated at 4-8 10-5 cm2/s for Ne RJ Kedl, A Houtzeel, ORNL-4069: 1967-06 After 4 tdiffusion, ie 0.5s

  20. Production of 18Ne ions for e • Scaling of the diffusion chamber • Volume in diffusion chamber (dropletsat 1m/s) : • Height : 50cm / tortuosity factor • Surface : 27 cm2 / hole surface density (10%) 15cm 15cm 40cm

  21. Intensity/energy p-beam for 101318Ne/s P. Valko, T. Stora We need a molten salt MW-range ISOL target; Proton Linac as driver

  22. 18Ne production target 1013/s 2L/s 7.5x25x15cm NaF/ZrF4 @600°C 6mA 160MeV 800 kW 200 kW DT=100°C T regulated Transfer Line to ion source e>90% 40x15x15cm Psalt = 10mBar 1MW

  23. Some considerations on operating conditions • 22Na production : 23Na(p,pn)22Na; This requires a yearly salt exchange. • Neutron production : 6 1016 n/s • ie 5 1013 n/cm2/s at target position

  24. Upcoming activities • Selected items will be prototyped and tested: • -Diffusion chamber (collab. D. Heuer, LPSC-CNRS Grenoble) • -Static molten salt unit at CERN-ISOLDE (transfer to ion source, production and release of Ne, stainless steel): INTC, Sept 2011 • -Physical characterization of molten salt (Ne diffusion, viscosity, surface tension, etc)

  25. Other options For 6He and 8Li production M. Hass et al. For 8B and 8Li production M. Hass et al. Direct production under investigation E. Benedetto, E. Wildner et al.

  26. Proton drivers at CERN ? • Linac 4 upgrade: 160MeV, ca 1.6 mA on average. • PSB upgrade : 2 GeV proton, 4-6 mA on average for (HIE)-ISOLDE. • RCS : 2 GeV proton, 10(20?)mA on average for (HIE)-ISOLDE

  27. Conclusion - Baseline ion production • The status on the 100kW-1MW high power targets for isotope production for the beta-beams have been reviewed. • Interesting parallels with neutron spallation sources, ie for the production of 6He, or to scale the neutron rates produced from the molten salt loop. • Specific items are yet to be addressed (ie, diffusion chamber, Ne diffusion cst in molten salt). • The proposed technologies do not break records for present high power target design/operation.

  28. Collaborators • EURISOL-DS 100kW Target Task • GANIL, Soreq/Weizman Inst, CERN-ISOLDE, Bratislava Univ. • ITU (O. Benes) • LPSC (CNRS), ESS

  29. Options for ion production at CERN n-beam to Frejus Linac 50-160MeV 1MW 100kW-1MW Target stations Decay ring Br ~ 500 Tm B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m 6He: g = 100 18Ne: g = 100 NaF eutectic loop SPS 2GeV 200kW N-conv/BeO Neutrino Source Decay Ring 60 GHz pulsed ECR PS Linac, 100 MeV 280 GeV RCS, 1.7 GeV A « neutrino factory » concept introduced about 10 years ago P. Zuchelli, Phys Lett B (2002) 29

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