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Tools of Modern Astronomy Section 1

Chapter 21 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe. Tools of Modern Astronomy Section 1. Tools of Modern Astronomy. How do we study other stars in our galaxy if they are so far away? We study the radiation that stars emit to find out more about them. . Intro- duction. Tools of Modern Astronomy.

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Tools of Modern Astronomy Section 1

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  1. Chapter 21 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Tools of Modern AstronomySection 1

  2. Tools of Modern Astronomy • How do we study other stars in our galaxy if they are so far away? • We study the radiation that stars emit to find out more about them. • Intro- • duction

  3. Tools of Modern Astronomy • Energy that can travel through space is called electromagnetic radiation. • Electromagnetic radiation can travel through empty space and travels in waves. • Electromagnetic radiation travels the speed of light. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

  4. Tools of Modern Astronomy • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum Picture From: http://www.astronomynotes.com/light/s3.htm

  5. Tools of Modern Astronomy • The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

  6. Tools of Modern Astronomy Diagram From: saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/nav-uplink.cfm

  7. Tools of Modern Astronomy Diagram From: http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~imamura/122/images/electromagnetic-spectrum.jpg

  8. Tools of Modern Astronomy RADIO WAVES • Longest waves and less frequent than other waves. • Used for communication. • Radio telescopes used to collect radio waves. • Size of wave ranges from the size of a football field to the size of a football. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

  9. Tools of Modern Astronomy MICROWAVES • Used in communication, weather maps, and as a heat source. • Size of wave ranges from 1 foot to 1 centimeter. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

  10. Tools of Modern Astronomy INFRARED WAVES • Used as a source of heat. • Infrared telescopes used to detect infrared waves. • Size of wave ranges from a few centimeters to a few millimeters. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

  11. Tools of Modern Astronomy VISIBLE LIGHT • Only energy we can see with the naked eye. • Refracting and reflecting telescopes use visible light. • Size of wave is microscopic. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

  12. Tools of Modern Astronomy VISIBLE LIGHT • White light can be separated into the 7 different colors of light. • ROYGBIV • Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet • Spectroscopes used to break white light down into different colors. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

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  14. Tools of Modern Astronomy ULTRAVIOLET WAVES • Energy that is partially blocked by our atmosphere. • Common uses are tanning beds, disinfection, and black lights. • A large amount of UV light is harmful for living things. • UV cameras and telescopes use UV rays. • Size of wave is a few molecules. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

  15. Tools of Modern Astronomy X-RAYS • Atmosphere reflects all X-rays back into space. • Commonly used to take pictures of bones. • Very harmful to living things. • X-ray telescopes use X-rays. • Size of wave is one molecule. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

  16. Tools of Modern Astronomy GAMMA WAVES • Shortest wave with the most energy. • Atmosphere blocks all gamma rays from entering. • Deadly to living things. • Used for medical treatment. • Gamma telescopes study deep space, black holes, stars, etc. • Size of wave is smaller than an atom. • Electro- • magnetic • Spectrum

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  18. Tools of Modern Astronomy • Most telescopes collect and focus different types of electromagnetic radiation. • Two main types of telescopes: reflecting and refracting telescopes. • Refracting telescopes use lenses that bend light to focus onto a small area. • Reflecting telescopes use mirrors instead of lenses but still focuses light onto a small area. • Telescopes

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  20. Tools of Modern Astronomy The Keck Telescopes: Located in Mauna Kea, Hawaii

  21. Tools of Modern Astronomy Hale 200-inch Reflector: Located in Mt. Palomar, California

  22. Tools of Modern Astronomy • A building that contains one or more telescopes is an observatory. • Most observatories are on mountaintops where images are less blurred because of the Earth’s atmosphere. • Observat-ories

  23. Tools of Modern Astronomy A giant telescope relies on multiple dishes - Located in Socorro, New Mexico

  24. Tools of Modern Astronomy • The shorter electromagnetic radiation is blocked by the Earth’s atmosphere. • Telescopes are placed on satellites to detect these short, high energy waves. • Hubble Space Telescope – reflecting telescope that detects visible light, infrared, and UV radiation. • Satellites

  25. Tools of Modern Astronomy Hubble Space Telescope

  26. Tools of Modern Astronomy Compton Gamma Ray Observatory

  27. Tools of Modern Astronomy Chandra X-ray ObservatoryA telescope penetrates space with X-ray vision

  28. Tools of Modern Astronomy Spitzer Space TelescopeIt will spend 2 ½ to 5 years studying infrared light.

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  31. Tools of Modern Astronomy • Most large telescopes have spectrographs. • A spectrograph breaks the light up into colors. • Spectrographs reveal information about stars like their composition and temperatures. • Spectro-graphs

  32. Tools of Modern Astronomy Electromagnetic Spectrum Video Clip: http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage4.aspx?id=318 Electromagnetic Spectrum Video Clip

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