Working group 6 Applications of Nuclear Science

1. Working group 6Applications of Nuclear Science contributions so far from: T.Calligaro, M-C.Cantone, M.Cinausero, P.Finocchiaro, R.Golser, H.Homeyer, A.Konings, W.Kutschera, S.Leray, A.Paans, A.Patelli, T.Pinelli, M.Schippers, K-H.Schmidt, G.Viesti, A.Vomiero, U.Wahl

2. Working group 6Applications of Nuclear Science Apologies for the past – Intention for the future – Included this morning only some examples - Call for help (starting with the discussion!) Huge area – interactions with a great number of largely varied disciplines For several important applications, basis in the Dourdan report

3. Applications as a means to avoid the “ivory tower effect” Attraction of young people towards applications – no problem of “who will do the job?” Applications as a vehicule to increase public appreciation of the achievements of Science For Nuclear Physics in particular, need to fight against a negative reputation in the collective imaginary In this respect, many applications have a high benefit-to-cost ratio. Some examples today

4. A new Laboratory of nuclear techniques applied to the Cultural Heritage in collaboration with Università degli Studi di FirenzeConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Sezione di Firenze

5. Polo Scientifico di Sesto FiorentinoNuclear and Subnuclear Physics building – January, 2003

6. IBA/AMS system for the new INFN Laboratory in Florence IBA beam lines Tandem Accelerator Terminal voltage: 3 MV IBA double-source injector IBA beam lines Multi-sample AMS injector High-energy AMS spectrometer

7. PIXE analysis of ancient manuscripts (Sez.INFN Firenze, Biblioteca Vaticana, Biblioteca Laurenziana)Detecting which pigments were employed for the decorations provides important general and/or specific information More or less precious materials  symbolic value of the text. Exchange trade routes with far away regions. Later-added decorations, or remakes External-beam PIXE analysis of the frontispiece of Pl.16,22 – from Biblioteca Laurenziana

8. PIXE analysis of paintings(collaboration with Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Firenze) External-beam PIXE analysis of the Madonna dei Fusi by Leonardo da Vinci

9. PIXE analysis of paintings - collaboration with Opificio delle PietreDure, Firenze External-beam PIXE analysis of the Madonna dei Fusi by Leonardo da Vinci

10. Analysis of documents of historical interest (Sez. INFN FI, Bibl.Naz. FI, MPI Berlin) PIXE measurements to quantitatively determine ancient inks composition Important contribution to reconstructing the chronological order of Galileo’s notes on motion Comparison of ink composition in undated folios to that in dated documents A letter by Galileo during external PIXE analysis at the Florence accelerator

11. Analysis of ceramics Collaboration Louvre – Opificio Pietre Dure – INFN (Genova, Firenze and Laboratori Nazionali del Sud) Production techniques of glazes by Della Robbia’s Characterisation of the production by Andrea, Luca, their sons and imitators Discriminating chronological trends pointed out Essential preliminary work to optimise measuring conditions to avoid damage KN3000 Accelerator in Florence: PIXE analysis of “Ritratto di fanciullo” by Luca Della Robbia – before restoration at Opificio delle Pietre Dure di Firenze

12. Portable techniquesPIXE-alpha*, XRF * A joint patent of CEA – Saclay and INFN – Laboratori del Sud

13. PIXE–a and XRF measurements at Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence Luca Della Robbia Madonna della Mela Analysis of blue glaze by the PIXE–a technique (patented by LNS of INFN, Catania, and CEA, Saclay). in collaboration with INFN sections of Florence and Genoa

14. PIXE–a and XRF measurements at Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence Luca Della Robbia Madonna in adorazione Analysis of blue glaze by the PIXE–a technique, (patented by LNS of INFN, Catania, and CEA, Saclay). in collaboration with INFN sections of Florence and Genoa

15. PIXE–a and XRF measurements at Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence Analysis of glaze by portable XRF (LNS – INFN) collaboration with INFN sections of Genoa and Florence) Giovanni Della Robbia, Pietà

16. AEROSOLparticles in atmosphere (particulate matter, PM) having a diameter up to 100 mm HEALTH (breathing of pollutants) Effects on ENVIRONMENT (climate, visibility) Aerosol composition and its time evolutionprovide information on the pollution source

17. Streaker sampler

18. The streaker sampler with the filters

19. A filter after one week of streaker sampling

20. Analysis of the streaks on the filters • The composition of the deposited aerosol is determined “point by point” by Ion Beam Analysis • One can thus trace back to the aerosol composition in atmosphere “hour by hour” during the sampling period • Typical sensistivity for the various detected elements in the order of 1 ng/ m3 or even less

21. 0.900 blocco Br auto 0.800 frazione fine (Gramsci) Pb ) 0.700 3 g/m m 0.600 0.500 Concentrazione ( 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 Concentration in air vs time(one hour resolution)

22. Concentration in air vs time(one hour resolution) Na Cl

23. Concentration in air vs time(one hour resolution) As Cu Na

24. Perspectives in these fields Spreading information on the possibilities of our techniques Strengthening collaborations, opening our facilities to more and more external users Improvement in the effectiveness of portable techniques capable of providing almost “real-time” answers to selected problems New detectors, new electronics, new ideas!