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Basic Concepts & Examples of ISO 11179 - Part 2 Classification

Basic Concepts & Examples of ISO 11179 - Part 2 Classification. Jim Carpenter Version 1.5 Sunday, June 24, 2001. Basic Concepts. Scheme Classification scheme (CS) Characteristics of a CS Type (structure) * Subject domain * Item Item type Item value Relationship Relationship type

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Basic Concepts & Examples of ISO 11179 - Part 2 Classification

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  1. Basic Concepts& Examplesof ISO 11179 - Part 2Classification Jim Carpenter Version 1.5 Sunday, June 24, 2001

  2. Basic Concepts • Scheme • Classification scheme (CS) • Characteristics of a CS • Type (structure)* • Subject domain* • Item • Item type • Item value • Relationship • Relationship type • Overlap of items (allowed?) • Implementation *instead of “type name” in current part 3.

  3. Scheme • Definition: descriptive information of a subject domain or a system • Descriptive aspects (foci): • Entities (what) • Processes (how) • Persons (who) • Events (when) • Network nodes (where) • Goals & objectives (why)

  4. Classification SchemeDefinition • A scheme used for grouping objects. • Object = A thing of interest • Object includes all aspects of schemes • “Descriptive information for an arrangement or division of objects into groups, based on characteristics, which the objects have in common.” (ISO 11179 Part 3)

  5. Characteristicsof a Classification Scheme. • Type – the structure in the arrangement of groups; A generalization of the items and relationships without an application context. • Subject – subject domain containing the objects being classified. • Item – group, category described by the scheme. • Relationship – between items. • Overlap – the group intersections (null or or non-empty). Can an object be in more than one group? • Implementation – a system that uses the CS.

  6. Typesof Classification Schemes • List - set of CS items • None dimensional –items have characteristics that overlap • Unordered example: a word list • Ordered list example: index • One dimensional – based on a single distinguishing characteristic • Array - cross product of lists • Unordered array (table) • Ordered array (matrix) • Hierarchical (lattice) – relationships define a partial ordering • Single root nodes example: bio taxonomy • Multiple root nodes example: NAICS • Network (directed graph, map)

  7. Item TypesGuidance for typing • Use the most generic term for the types of objects being classified • Examples: • Glossary: term • Thesaurus: concept • Index: entry • Taxonomy: taxon • UML model: class • MPAA: movie rating (not movie) • Dewey Decimal System: ? • Francis Bacon’s catalog: subject

  8. Relationship TypesSources for Guidance • Elementary associations of Kilov & Ross - based on contract invariance • Dependency • Reference • Composition • Subtyping • Symmetric • ISO 704 • Hierarchical relationships • Generic (generic/specific) • Partitive (whole/part) • Non-hierarchical, e.g., contiguity in: • Time (before – after) • Space (left – right; up –down) • Causality (cause – effect) • Knowledge Representation ?– John Sowa • Others…

  9. Examples • Key word list for movie reviews. • CS type: list. • Subject: movie reviews. • Item type: word • Relationship types: none • Overlap: allowed. • MPAA movie rating • CS type: hierarchical • Subject: parental guidance for movies • Item type: rating • Relationship types: generic (contains more adult content) • Overlap: none

  10. Examples, cont. • W3C categories of technologies using PICS (based on action taken) • CS Type: list • Subject: products that label web content • Item type: product using PICS • Relationship types: none • Overlap: yes • Thesaurus for economics. • CS Type: multiple hierarchies for BT/NT relationships; Network for UF and RT relationships. • Subject: economics. • Item type: term • Relationship types: BroaderThan, NarrowerThan, UsedFor, RelatedTerm • Overlap: not allowed for preferred terms.

  11. Examples, cont. • Zachman Framework • CS type: array • Subject: system documentation • Item type: cell • Relationship types: none (?) • Overlap: none • NAICS • CS type: multiple hierarchy • Subject: industrial classification • Item type: category (?) • Relationship types: (?) • Overlap: none

  12. Examples, cont. • MSC • CS type: multiple hierarchy • Subject: mathematics subject classification • Item type: subject • Relationship types: none • Overlap: yes • Census Metadata Registry Model • CS type: network • Subject: entities in a survey operation • Item type: entity • Relationship types: • Overlap: yes - for generically related classes; no - otherwise.

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