Cell parts

1. Cell parts

2. Organelles • Organelles are the “little organs” or parts of the cell that perform specialized functions.

3. Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside of the nucleus. • The cytoplasm is the “jelly” that the organelles float around in.

4. The DNA is like the “brains” of the cell. DNA controls what the cell does and when it does it. DNA is tiny, but has a big impact on what you look like and what you are good at. (5 million DNA strands could fit on the head of a pin). DNA

5. Nucleus • The Nucleus holds and protects the DNA • The membrane around the nucleus is what separates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells.

6. Chromosomes • Chromosomes are short fat pieces of DNA that form during cell division.

7. Ribosomes • The Ribosomes are the places where proteins are made. • Proteins are very important to the cell! • Proteins regulate the cell processes, provide structure for the cell, and tell the cell how to behave.

8. Proteins • Proteins are all around you: • The most common protein in the world is called RuBisCO. It is used to do photosynthesis. • The most common protein in the human body (25-30%) is collagen, which is used for connective tissue, bone, muscle, etc… • A protein called Lactase helps you break down the sugar in milk. • Antibodies are proteins in your body that help fight disease. • Hemoglobin (that makes your blood cells red) is a protein. • A protein called melanin is responsible for skin/hair/eye color, and for moles, freckles, and tans. • Hair, horns, and fingernails are made of a protein called keratin. • A protein called catalase helps break down hydrogen peroxide in your blood

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum • The endoplasmic reticulum, (ER) is where lipids for the cell membrane are made. • The ER transports proteins and lipids throughout the cell.

10. The Golgi Body modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage inside the cell, or for excretion outside of the cell. Looks like a stack of pancakes. Golgi Body

11. Can you find the Golgi Body?

12. ER to the Golgi

13. Lysosomes are small organelles filled with enzymes to help digest, or break down, the “junk” in the cell. These organelles are like the garbage men of the cell. Lysosomes

14. Mitochondria • Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. • These organisms provide power for the cell.

15. Endosymbiont theory

16. The cell membrane covers the entire cell and determines what is allowed in or out of the cell. Cell Membrane

17. Only plants have the following organelles: Chloroplasts Large vacuoles Cellulose Cell wall Organelles Unique to Plants

18. Chloroplasts capture energy from the sun and allow the plant to do photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that reflects green light. Chloroplasts

19. Large Vacuoles store material. In a plant, vacuoles help pump water out of the cell if too much water enters. Large Vacuoles

20. The Cell wall is made of cellulose and provides support and protection for the cell. Cell Wall

21. Because of their cell walls, plant cells are usually square-shaped. Plant cells

22. Only animal cells contain centrioles. Organelles unique to animal cells

23. Centrioles help organize cell division. Centrioles

24. Plant or animal cell?

25. What organelle?

26. What Organelle?