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Code-mixing patterns

Germanico – Romanzo D iscorsi e strutture in contatto nell'area dolomitica (2016-2019). Code-mixing patterns. Investigating variation in a German- Italian bilingual corpus Silvia Dal Negro (Free University of Bolzano-Bozen). This presentation.

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Code-mixing patterns

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  1. Germanico – Romanzo Discorsi e strutture in contatto nell'area dolomitica (2016-2019) Code-mixing patterns Investigatingvariation in a German-Italianbilingual corpus Silvia Dal Negro (Free University of Bolzano-Bozen) ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  2. Thispresentation • Bi- plurilingual corpora and the documentation of bilingualspeech. • The sociolinguisticcontext: German and Italian in South Tyrol. • Modellingbilingualspeech: a corpus-basedresearch on insertions. ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  3. Documentingbilingualspeech A corpus-basedperspective ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  4. The priority of language use in contactlinguistics Studies of contact-related language change, while usually acknowledging the importance of sociolinguistic norms and constellations in motivating change […], tend largely to disregard aspects of actual bilingual linguistic performance at the discourse level. (Matras/ Sackel, 2007: 848) ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  5. The priority of systematicempiricalresearch in contactlinguistics From the point of view of grammar and sociolinguistics, the priority is to set up comparative studies which will allow us to gauge the effect of the different types of variable which have been found to affect CS, both linguistic and sociolinguistic. (Gardner-Choloros, 2009: 177) Some authors treat the corpora collected primarily as the potential source for individual codeswitching examples, meant to confirm or argue against a particular ‘model’ or ‘constraint’ for codeswitching in general. In this case the overall features of the corpus play much less of a role, if any role at all. This is not the approach we want to take here. On the contrary, we want to link the study of codeswitching to the insight from the sociolinguistic research of the last 40 years or so that bilingual speech, just as monolingual speech, shows variation, but that this variation is patterned or structured, not random. (Deuchar, Muysken& Sung-Lan Wang, 2007: 298-299) The situation is exacerbated by the fact that there is so little pertinent data, as will be detailed herein, the (possibly related) methodological predilection for butterfly collecting, and a concomitant devaluing of accountable analyses of large corpora of spontaneous bilingual speech. (Poplack & Dion, 2012: 280) ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  6. «Plurilingual» vs. «multilingual» corpora To differentiate our materials from these multilingual corpora, here we use the term “plurilingualcorpora” to designate corpora that illustrate not only instances of codeswitching and codemixing but also languagingthrough the use of various linguistic resources […]. (Léglise / Alby, 2016) ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  7. The issue of defining a corpus of bilingualspeech • GIVEN: • a potentially bilingual community and • potentially bilingual speakers • WE LOOK FOR: • contactphenomenabeingornotbeingpresent and • the type of contactphenomenaactuallybeenobserved A Title of Part 1 of the presentation B Title of Part 2 of the presentation C Title of Part 3 of the presentation Fieldworkers «force» speakers into a «bilingual mode» (Grosjean, 2008) by lettingmembers of the samebilingual community interact in natural or naturalisticsituations.

  8. The sociolinguisticcontext German as a minority language in Italy ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  9. German minorities in Italy D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Excerptfrom the Carta dei dialetti d’Italia (G.B. Pellegrini) ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  10. South Tyrol ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  11. Focus on South Tyrol De jure bilingualism (Standard German / Standard Italian) De jure trilingualism (Standard German / Standard Italian / Ladin) in two valleys South Tyrolhasbeen part of Italy for «only» 100 years. Forceditalianizationpoliciesbetween 1922-1945. Full recognition of German since 1972. ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  12. Three mainspeechcommunities informalspeech Germans ~ 70% Tyrolean Italians ~ 26% Ladins ~ 4% Ladin Tyr. orality Italian German Ger. German Italian Italian ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  13. «Kontatto»: a corpus-basedproject ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  14. Systematicannotation and the making of a corpus ELAN MPI - TLA “normalized” tokens POS tags language tags ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  15. ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  16. Modellingbilingualspeech Focus on insertionsand theirrole in triggeringbilingualspeech [Muysken 2000; Clyne 2003; Matras 2009] ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  17. Investigatingpatterns: single word insertions ecco # si årbetet a baschportlår ‘thereyou are, shealsoworks for Sportler’ zämwodärcalcettoisch ‘therewhere the table-football is’ in dialetto tedesco untitaliano standard ‘in German dialect and Standard Italian’ sono favorevole alle scuole bilingui xxx jåquello molto d'accordo ‘I am in favour of bilingualschools, yes, that I approve of verymuch’ Italian/Trentino > German Peripheralinsertions > Nestedinsertions ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  18. Insertionalpatterns and POS frequency mainlyDMs mainlynouns ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  19. Insertional pattern and typefrequency ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  20. dåracquistodes jaarhundårtswor des °wail i glab° The purchaseofthecentury was that, because I think… • nestedinsertion: noun, hapax in thecorpus dai kimmherzwischnzwåamandår # madonna Come on! Come herebetween to men, bloodyhell! • twoperipheralinsertions: interjections (freq 213 and 18) ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  21. Insertionaltype and n. of switches/utterance ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  22. dånnjazmuscht di ve_trefå di effe_ventitréin hundårtcomunifåschtitalianischikkn Thennowyou must send the V-3 of the F-23 (forms) to almostonehundredItalianmunicipalities. • lexicalinsertionswith referentialfunctiondenotingspecificreferentstrigger • furtherlexicalinsertionsthatmaylead to • languagealternation, i.e. the change of the base language or • congruentlexicalization ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  23. Factorsfavoring the activation of the L2Logisticregression with VARBRUL Dependentvariable: • oneswitchonlyin the utterance Factorgroups: • type of insertion • direction of switch • POS of inserted word • frequency of inserted word • speaker’sdialect area Input: 0.829 Factor group # 1 Peripheral insertion: 0.575 Nested insertion: 0.383 ← Log likelihood = -645.181 Significance = 0.000 Dependentvariable: • two or more switches in the utterance Factorgroups: • typeof insertion • direction of switch • POS of inserted word • frequency of inserted word • speaker’sdialect area Input: 0.171 Factor group # 1 Peripheral insertion: 0.425 Nested insertion: 0.617 ← Log likelihood = -645.181 Significance = 0.000 ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  24. ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

  25. Thanks for yourattention http://kontatti.projects.unibz.it/ ICL20 - The Dynamics of Language

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