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Colonialism

Colonialism. March 28, 2005. Two Kinds. “c”olonialism (Guns, Germs, and Steel): Migration of people into new areas where they replace indigenous populations “C”olonialism Historical era (1492-1960) when European states conquered and/or dominated the rest of the world. Important Questions.

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Colonialism

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  1. Colonialism March 28, 2005

  2. Two Kinds • “c”olonialism (Guns, Germs, and Steel): • Migration of people into new areas where they replace indigenous populations • “C”olonialism • Historical era (1492-1960) when European states conquered and/or dominated the rest of the world

  3. Important Questions • How has “race” been shaped by both kinds of colonialism? • How have ideas of race/ethnicity changed over time? • What relationships are there between nationalism, race and ethnicity?

  4. Imperialism • Earliest states (Egypt, Incas, Greeks, Romans) • Expansion to create empires: • Economic gain • Spreading religion • International prestige

  5. Prehistoric Imperialism? • Why do sophisticated technologies and food production appear in New Guinea but not Australia?

  6. Why is China so Chinese? • Two distinct language families: • Northern Chinese (Sino-Tibetan): Mandarin, Cantonese and their relatives • Southern Chinese: • Miao-Yao (Hmong) • Tai-Kadai (Thai, Lao) • Austroasiatic (Vietnamese, Cambodian)

  7. Austronesia • Austronesian language family: (Malay, Indonesian) spreads from Easter Island to Hawaii to Madagascar • Agricultural, ocean-going culture originating in SE Asia

  8. colonialism and Colonialism • Physiological and Cultural differences • Religious differences • Encoded in formal government bureaucracy.

  9. colonialism and Colonialism • What do these people have in common?

  10. Colonialism • Two Phases: • I. Age of Exploration (1492 – 1825) • Dominant Powers: Spain, Portugal, Holland • Goals: Mercantilism • II. 1825 – 1960s • Dominant Powers: England, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium • Goals: Land grab, prestige, resources

  11. Colonialism • Ideology • Social evolution (teleology) • Modernization (progress, technology) • Race • Class • “White Man’s Burden” intervention philosophy

  12. Colonialism • Two Types • Settled: • Located only in temperate climates • N. America, Argentina, S. Africa, E. Australia • Places to send excess population (convicts and religious extremists)

  13. Colonialism • Two Types: • Extractive: • Majority of Colonies • Extracting natural resources for profit • Agricultural products for export • Labor intensive agriculture (plantations) • “Breakfast and dessert economy”

  14. Colonialism • Three types of power • Military • Economic • Ideological

  15. Colonialism • Military Power • Forced conscription • Enslavement • “Gunboat diplomacy”

  16. Colonialism • Economic Power • “Carrot”: consumer goods (cotton clothing, tobacco, alcohol) • “Stick”: taxation • Enforcement: Census, ID Cards, Birth Certificates, Administrators

  17. Colonialism • Ideological Power • Hegemony (ideological domination) • Education, Missionization • Indirect rule through local elites • Racial politics

  18. End of Colonialism • Post WWII-1960s • Too expensive for colonial powers • Restructured international political and economic system • Created monetary institutions like World Bank and IMF • Marshall Plan (Europe) • “Neocolonialism”

  19. colonialism and Colonialism • What do these people have in common?

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