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PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL

PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL. Maman H. Karmana Oct. 2010. KOMODITAS PERTANIAN DALAM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL. Perishable – timely sale critical Komponen pertanian di DCs < LDCs – ketidak pastian di pasar dunia dampak > bagi LDCs LDCs lebih tergantung pd pertanian drpd DCs

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PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL

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  1. PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL Maman H. Karmana Oct. 2010

  2. KOMODITAS PERTANIAN DALAM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL • Perishable – timely sale critical • Komponenpertaniandi DCs < LDCs – ketidakpastiandipasarduniadampak > bagi LDCs • LDCs lebihtergantung pd pertaniandrpd DCs • Tktspesialisasipertaniansukardiubahmelaluiinvestasi • Perdag. Int’l dlmkomoditaspertanianpentingdlmpemanfaatan SDA & optimasiefisiensiproduksi • Pasarpertaniandunialebihdidominasi DCs • Agriculture’s share di DCs < 7% sedangdi LDCs hampir 20% drimpor total dan 11% drekspor total

  3. TEORI KLASIK KEUNTUNGAN ABSOLUT ( Labor theory of value – Adam Smith) • Komoditas USA UK Textil (1 yard) 4 2 Jagung (1 ton) 2 4 Total tenagakerja 6 6 Sebelumspesialisasi/perdag Output total Textil (1 yard) 1 1 2 Jagung (1 ton) 1 1 2 Setelahspesialisasi/perdag Textil(1 yard) 0 3 3 Jagung (1 ton) 3 0 3

  4. PRINSIP KEUNTUNGAN KOMPARATIF • Komoditas (kebut.Tenaga) USA UK Textil (1 yard) 4 6 Jagung (1 ton) 2 12 Sebelumspesialisasi/perdag Tot Outp Textil (1 yard) 1 1 2 Jagung (1ton) 1 1 2 Setelahspesialisasi/perdag Textil (1 yard) 0 3 3 Jagung (1ton) 3 0 3

  5. OPPORTUNITY COST & KEUNTUNGAN KOMPARATIF • Opportunity costs memproduksi X dan Y USA UK Textil (1 yard) 2 ½ Jagung ( 1ton) ½ 2 . Terms of Trade danPolaPerdagangan (Pt/Pc)US = (at/ac)US = 4/2 = 2 (Pt/Pc) UK = (at/ac)UK = 6/12 = 0.5 TOTa = Px/Pm : Rasioantara index hargabrygdiekspordgn index hargabrygdiimpor, kali 100

  6. PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY FRONTIER & CONSTANT OPPORTUNITY COST • La = atQt + acQc ----- 6 = 4Qt + 2Qc La/ac Jagung Qt 2 . M at/ac . N 1 0 1 1.5 2 Textil

  7. GAIN FROM TRADE

  8. PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES FRONTIER DENGAN DUA OUTPUT • Y y • o x o x

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