1. Tóvári Endre Journal Club 2013. márc. 8. „To bunch Coherence and Indistinguishability of Single Electrons Emitted by Independent Sources Science 339, 1054 (2013) Science 339, 1041 (2013) Two Indistinguishable Electrons Interfere in an Electronic Device or not to bunch”

2. Coherence and Indistinguishability of Single Electrons Emitted by Independent Sources E. Bocquillon,1 V. Freulon,1 J.-M Berroir,1 P. Degiovanni,2 B. Plaçais,1 A. Cavanna,3 Y. Jin,3 G. Fève1* 1Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR8551), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. 2Universitéde Lyon, Fédération de Physique AndréMarie Ampère,CNRS–Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieurede Lyon 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. 3CNRS–Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France. Two Indistinguishable Electrons Interfere in an Electronic Device Christian Schönenberger Department of Physics, University of Basel

3. Új kísérletek a nanofizikában - előadásjegyzet

4. Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) dip bunching coincidence Noise vs delay time antibunching Dip size and shape depends on wave packet overlap and width τe

5. Indistinguishable electrons needed • DC voltage: • continuous stream of electrons • but 2-e- interference cannot be interpreted as overlap between 2 single-particle wave packets • Triggered AC emitter: generating 1-e- wave packets at well-defined times • Realization: • Quantum dots: charge quantization • Quantum Hall regime: ballistic, 1D, chiral edge channels • AlGaAs/GaAs 2DEG • n=1,9x10-11 cm-2 • µ=2,4x106 cm2/Vs • B=2,68T, ν=3 filling factor • QD addition energy Δ=1,4K • electron temperature 100 mK

6. QDot: • 2,1 GHz square wave on top gate: • p2p amplitude is the addition energy Δe- followed by h+ • τe=58±7 ps average emission time • Tunnel coupling (with D=0,45±0,05 transmission) to an edge channel • Tunnel emission of single particles form a discrete dot level: exponential decay confirmed τe: average emission time emission trigger 2DEG T=1/2

7. Probability of exiting at the same output: Probability of different outputs: (fermions) τ>> τe: classical case Perfectly indistinguishable states:

8. Normalized by the classical value e2f: Antibunching with the thermal excitations: if , we must subtract the noise when both sources are switched off (one source off) antibunching of single indistinguishable fermions

9. Blue line: τe=62±10 ps γ=0,45±0,05 non-unit overlap τ0=13±6 ps Red line: Floquet scattering γ = 0.5, D1 = D2 = 0.4, Δ1 = Δ2 = 1.4K, and T = 100 mK. ( ) • QDot: • τe=58±7 psa verage emission time • Tunnel coupling (with D=0,45±0,05 transmission) to an edge channel • 10 ps synchronization • Non-unit overlap γ: • possibly Δ/10 difference in QD levels • maybe τc≈100 ps coherence time: