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Abiotic conditions in the marine environment

Abiotic conditions in the marine environment. Salinity Light Temperature Pressure Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Unicellular adaptations to low DO. Mostly metabolic adaptations anaerobic respiration use reduced organic compounds in sediments as energy sources

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Abiotic conditions in the marine environment

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  1. Abiotic conditions in the marine environment Salinity Light Temperature Pressure Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

  2. Unicellular adaptations to low DO • Mostly metabolic adaptations • anaerobic respiration • use reduced organic compounds in sediments as energy sources • use alternatives to O2 as e- acceptors • facultative vs. obligate anaerobes

  3. Multicellular adaptations to abiotic conditions - in plants • plants sensitive to flooding will shut down aerobic metabolism & other processes, leading to organelle and cell death • stresses to wetland plants: • anoxia around roots • toxic levels of reduced minerals (Fe, Mn, S) around roots

  4. Multicellular adaptations to abiotic conditions - in plants • halophytes: plants tolerant to flooding • structural adaptations • aerenchyma • adventitious roots, prop roots, lenticels, pneumatophores • pressurized gas flow • physiological adaptations • anaerobic respiration in roots

  5. Spartina anglica root corn (Zea mays) Aerenchyma

  6. Screw pine Red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle Adventitious roots: roots arising from stems Prop roots & lenticels

  7. bald cyprus, Taxodium distichum black mangrove, Avicennia germinans Adventitious roots: roots arising from stems pneumatophores

  8. on black mangrove and Frankenia on a Distichlis blade Vascular plant adaptations to wetlands salt glands • roots & leaves may also filter out salts, preventing them from entering cells

  9. Animal adaptations to wetlands coping with anoxia • invertebrates cope with anoxia better than vertebrates • many use anaerobic respiration, especially glycolysis • structural & behavioral modifications for O2 uptake: • respiratory organs • move to normoxic areas • ventilation • distribute O2 through body (circulatory systems, hearts, vascularization) • respiratory pigments • physiological adaptations • behaviorally: e.g. reduce activity, close shell

  10. Animal adaptations to wetlands coping with salt • Explain how each type of organism responds to changes in the salt concentration of the environment • How might each organism accomplish this? • What do you think is better to be: an osmoregulator, or an osmoconformer? Why?

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